Vector Fourier optics of anisotropic materials

McLeod, Robert R.; Wagner, Kelvin

doi:10.1364/aop.6.000368

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…Here we show how we implemented a modal method with vector plane wave eigenmodes as rigorous solutions to Maxwell's equations in homogeneous isotropic, anisotropic, diattenuating and gyrotropic media. This modal method is based on McLeod&Wagner (2014) 6 and is referred to as the k-method. It is exact within the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld type I boundary condition approximation that requires the conservation of tangential electric fields at the source plane.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rigorous vector wave propagation for arbitrary flat media

Bos

Haffert

Keller

2017

Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VIII

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Precise modelling of the (off-axis) point spread function (PSF) to identify geometrical and polarization aberrations is important for many optical systems. In order to characterise the PSF of the system in all Stokes parameters, an end-to-end simulation of the system has to be performed in which Maxwell's equations are rigorously solved. We present the first results of a python code that we are developing to perform multiscale end-to-end wave propagation simulations that include all relevant physics. Currently we can handle plane-parallel near-and far-field vector diffraction effects of propagating waves in homogeneous isotropic and anisotropic materials, refraction and reflection of flat parallel surfaces, interference effects in thin films and unpolarized light. We show that the code has a numerical precision on the order of ∼ 10 −16 for non-absorbing isotropic and anisotropic materials. For absorbing materials the precision is on the order of ∼ 10 −8 . The capabilities of the code are demonstrated by simulating a converging beam reflecting from a flat aluminium mirror at normal incidence.The precise characterization of optical systems is important for many applications, e.g. lithography, 1 microscopy 2 and astronomy. 3 Technology pushing the boundaries of the accuracy and sensitivity of optical systems, requires simulation tools that predict to a high accuracy the point spread function (PSF) of the systems. Polarization aberrationsThe monochromatic scalar aberrations of the wavefront, i.e. the phase and amplitude deviations from the ideal wavefront, were for a long time the only aberrations taken into account when simulating optical systems. These aberrations are caused by variations in the optical path length (OPL) and transmission for rays propagating through different parts of the optical system. These and chromatic aberrations have the the largest impact on image formation. As optical systems start to operate under more extreme numerical apertures and host more sensitive polarimeters, aberrations that affect the polarization state, which are much weaker than scalar aberrations, become relevant. We define polarization aberrations as the undesired deviations from the ideal system, a system which preserves the polarization state of light. Similar to scalar aberrations, polarization aberrations are caused by amplitude and phase effects. Diattenuation is the difference in transmission between two orthogonal polarization states. This can be due to different amplitude effects for the polarization states when reflecting off a surface. Retardance is the difference in OPL between two orthogonal polarization states, which is for example the result of propagation in anisotropic arXiv:1811.09777v1 [physics.optics]

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…= F x,y E(x, y) ·ẑ ×ê 1 (ê 1 ×ê 2 ) ·ẑ , withê i the unit-vector polarization corresponding to the eigenmode i and p i a projection vector 6 that satisfies the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld type I boundary conditions. The field coefficients of the two propagating modes can be put into a vector:…”

Section: Vector Wave Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigorous vector wave propagation for arbitrary flat media

Bos

Haffert

Keller

2017

Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VIII

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“…It adds to undoped-material dispersion effects accounted for by undoped sapphire Sellmeier equations [65]. Refraction through interfaces, reflexion on mirrors, and beam propagation in anisotropic KDP and sapphire relies on a vectorial non-paraxial Fourier method [66]. Broadband pulse amplification with gain saturation is numerically calculated by a Fourier split-step method similar to [67,68] with adaptive step-size and adaptive time slices.…”

Section: B Appendix: Numerical Simulations Of a Regenerative Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Spatio-Temporal Couplings throughout High-Power Ultrashort Lasers

Jeandet,

Jolly,

Borot

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The investigation of spatio-temporal couplings (STCs) of broadband light beams is becoming a key topic for the optimization as well as applications of ultrashort laser systems. This calls for accurate measurements of STCs. Yet, it is only recently that such complete spatio-temporal or spatio-spectral characterization has become possible, and it has so far mostly been implemented at the output of the laser systems, where experiments take place. In this survey, we present for the first time STC measurements at different stages of a collection of high-power ultrashort laser systems, all based on the chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) technique, but with very different output characteristics. This measurement campaign reveals spatio-temporal effects with various sources, and motivates the expanded use of STC characterization throughout CPA laser chains, as well as in a wider range of types of ultrafast laser systems. In this way knowledge will be gained not only about potential defects, but also about the fundamental dynamics and operating regimes of advanced ultrashort laser systems.

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“…The discovery in 1813 by David Brewster that uniaxial crystals, when illuminated with white light and observed between crossed polarizers shows a system of colored rings intersected by a rectangular black cross 1 still continues to challenge our understanding of this more than two centuries old optical phenomenon. A large number of classic and modern books and review articles are written, dedicated to homogeneous non-magnetic optical crystals and the interaction of light with it 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 . Notwithstanding, new phenomena, broadly classified under spin-orbit interactions (SOI) of light 13 in anisotropic optical media continues to make their way into as one of the actively researched areas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observing the uniaxial crystal cut perpendicular to the optic-axis (OA) the interference pattern shows circular symmetry centred around the OA. The ordinary refractive index n o tangent to the concentric circles and the extraordinary index n e perpendicular to it leads to two k -surfaces respectively with azimuthal and radial eigen polarization 12 . When the fast and slow optical waves, due to n o and n e of the crystal, are resolved into components in the same direction by the analyzer, they interfere with each other causing colored interference fringes when illuminated with white light or a set of monochrome rings when a laser source is used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isogyres – Manifestation of Spin-orbit interaction in uniaxial crystal: A closed-fringe Fourier analysis of conoscopic interference

Samlan

Naik

Viswanathan

2016

Sci Rep

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Discovered in 1813, the conoscopic interference pattern observed due to light propagating through a crystal, kept between crossed polarizers, shows isochromates and isogyres, respectively containing information about the dynamic and geometric phase acquired by the beam. We propose and demonstrate a closed-fringe Fourier analysis method to disentangle the isogyres from the isochromates, leading us to the azimuthally varying geometric phase and its manifestation as isogyres. This azimuthally varying geometric phase is shown to be the underlying mechanism for the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion observed in a diverging optical field propagating through a z-cut uniaxial crystal. We extend the formalism to study the optical activity mediated uniaxial-to-biaxial transformation due to a weak transverse electric field applied across the crystal. Closely associated with the phase and polarization singularities of the optical field, the formalism enables us to understand crystal optics in a new way, paving the way to anticipate several emerging phenomena.

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Vector Fourier optics of anisotropic materials

Cited by 8 publications

References 138 publications

Rigorous vector wave propagation for arbitrary flat media

Rigorous vector wave propagation for arbitrary flat media

A Survey of Spatio-Temporal Couplings throughout High-Power Ultrashort Lasers

Isogyres – Manifestation of Spin-orbit interaction in uniaxial crystal: A closed-fringe Fourier analysis of conoscopic interference

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