2014
DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.879850
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Vector independent transmission of the vector-borne bluetongue virus

Abstract: Bluetongue is an economically important disease of ruminants. The causative agent, Bluetongue virus (BTV), is mainly transmitted by insect vectors. This review focuses on vector-free BTV transmission, and its epizootic and economic consequences. Vector-free transmission can either be vertical, from dam to fetus, or horizontal via direct contract. For several BTV-serotypes, vertical (transplacental) transmission has been described, resulting in severe congenital malformations. Transplacental transmission had be… Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…Vertical transmission of BTV in animals certainly does occur, notably with live attenuated vaccine strains of BTV and European BTV-8, but this route is considered unlikely to be important to the initial expansion of natural BTV outbreaks (Verwoerd and Erasmus, 2004;Maclachlan et al, 2009;Saegerman et al, 2011;van der Sluijs et al, 2014;EFSA AHAW Panel, 2017a). Some of these animals can be born infected and may allow BTV to overwinter, with the potential to introduce the virus to new areas if the dam is transported.…”
Section: Routes Of Transmissionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vertical transmission of BTV in animals certainly does occur, notably with live attenuated vaccine strains of BTV and European BTV-8, but this route is considered unlikely to be important to the initial expansion of natural BTV outbreaks (Verwoerd and Erasmus, 2004;Maclachlan et al, 2009;Saegerman et al, 2011;van der Sluijs et al, 2014;EFSA AHAW Panel, 2017a). Some of these animals can be born infected and may allow BTV to overwinter, with the potential to introduce the virus to new areas if the dam is transported.…”
Section: Routes Of Transmissionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bluetongue virus (BTV) (genus Orbivirus , family Reoviridae ) is a significant livestock pathogen that is transmitted primarily by biting midges ( Culicoides spp.) and occurs on all continents except Antarctica [ 1 , 2 ]. Disease caused by BTV can be severe, mainly affecting sheep, goats and some wild ruminants, whilst cattle act as reservoirs of infection but are usually asymptomatic, with some notable exceptions [ 1 , 3 , 4 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When the Merino sheep were imported in to South Africa became infected with The BTV disease since 1900 [6]. The disease transmitted via several species of biting midges belonging to the genus Culicoides by different way, vector-free transmission, and vertical from dam to fetus [7][8][9]. Also, horizontal transmission via direct contact of BTV-26 isolated for the first time from symptomatic sheep in Kuwait in 2010 was reported [10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%