Vector multi-soliton operation and interaction in a graphene mode-locked fiber laser

Abstract

We experimentally investigated the vector multi-soliton operation and vector soliton interaction in an erbium doped fiber laser passively mode locked by atomic layer graphene. It is found that the vector multi-soliton operation exhibited several characteristic modes. These are the random static distribution of vector solitons, stable bunches of vector solitons, restless oscillations of vector solitons, rain of vector solitons, and emission of a so-called "giant vector soliton". The formation mechanisms of the operation modes were also experimentally investigated.

Multi-pulse operation of a dissipative soliton fibre laser based on nonlinear polarisation rotation

“…By increasing the pump power or finely adjusting the polarisation controllers, we observed a bound state of multiple DSs (with up to 11 sub-DSs) and an oscillating state of five DSs at a pump power of 141 mW. Unlike previous observations [7,8], this oscillating state in our laser is not purely random and three typical states are generalised and illustrated. In addition, a single-pulse modelocked state can be achieved at a high pump power level by finely adjusting the PCs and the broad spectrum of this state indicates that it may be noise-like pulses.…”

“…However, multi-pulse operation always occurs in practice and has been experimentally observed in anomalous-dispersion [7,8] and normal-dispersion cavities [9 -12], which hinders an energy enhancement of a single pulse. Zhao et al [11] were first to report the generation of multiple pulses in an ANDi fibre laser.…”

Simultaneous picosecond and femtosecond solitons delivered from a nanotube-mode-locked all-fiber laser

“…Passively modelocked fiber lasers are effective sources to generate ultrashort pulses. Several techniques, such as nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique [8,9], nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) [10], semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) [1,11], single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) [12,13], graphene [14,15], and the mixture of graphene and nanotube [16], have been employed for passive mode locking. Despite the advantages of high damage threshold, NPR/NOLM-based mode locking is sensitive to the polarization state of laser pulses [4,6,9].…”

Flat-Top Supercontinuum and Tunable Femtosecond Fiber Laser Sources at 1.9–2.5 μm

“…Our detection system has a response time of about 3 ns and thus could not resolve single pulses in such a burst. Since the laser cavity does not contain any polarization-defining components, vector solitons [38] could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the pulse burst operation. Fig.…”