Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Rees, Karen; Al-Khudairy, Lena; Takeda, Andrea; Stranges, Saverio

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013501

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The diet was shown to be potentially associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease. In [ 137 ], the effect of vegan diet on CVD considered, but clinically reliable data on the relationship between this diet and CVD were not found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition

Vesnina

Prosekov

Atuchin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The development and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are significantly influenced by lifestyle, particularly nutrition. The modern level of science and technology development promote personalized nutrition as an efficient preventive measure against atherosclerosis. In this survey, the factors were revealed that contribute to the formation of an individual approach to nutrition: genetic characteristics, the state of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and environmental factors (diets, bioactive components, cardioprotectors, etc.). In the course of the work, it was found that in order to analyze the predisposition to atherosclerosis associated with nutrition, genetic features affecting the metabolism of nutrients are significant. The genetic features include the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes and epigenetic factors. The influence of telomere length on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and circadian rhythms was also considered. Relatively new is the study of the relationship between chrono-nutrition and the development of metabolic diseases. That is, to obtain the relationship between nutrition and atherosclerosis, a large number of genetic markers should be considered. In this relation, the question arises: “How many genetic features need to be analyzed in order to form a personalized diet for the consumer?” Basically, companies engaged in nutrigenetic research and choosing a diet for the prevention of a number of metabolic diseases use SNP analysis of genes that accounts for lipid metabolism, vitamins, the body’s antioxidant defense system, taste characteristics, etc. There is no set number of genetic markers. The main diets effective against the development of atherosclerosis were considered, and the most popular were the ketogenic, Mediterranean, and DASH-diets. The advantage of these diets is the content of foods with a low amount of carbohydrates, a high amount of vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as foods rich in antioxidants. However, due to the restrictions associated with climatic, geographical, material features, these diets are not available for a number of consumers. The way out is the use of functional products, dietary supplements. In this approach, the promising biologically active substances (BAS) that exhibit anti-atherosclerotic potential are: baicalin, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin and other plant metabolites. Among the substances, those of animal origin are popular: squalene, coenzyme Q10, omega-3. For the prevention of atherosclerosis through personalized nutrition, it is necessary to analyze the genetic characteristics (SNP) associated with the metabolism of nutrients, to assess the state of the microbiota of the GIT. Based on the data obtained and food preferences, as well as the individual capabilities of the consumer, the optimal diet can be selected. It is topical to exclude nutrients of which their excess consumption stimulates the occurrence and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to enrich the diet with functional foods (FF), BAS containing the necessary anti-atherosclerotic, and stimulating microbiota of the GIT nutrients. Personalized nutrition is a topical preventive measure and there are a number of problems hindering the active use of this approach among consumers. The key factors include weak evidence of the influence of a number of genetic features, the high cost of the approach, and difficulties in the interpretation of the results. Eliminating these deficiencies will contribute to the maintenance of a healthy state of the population through nutrition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition

Vesnina

Prosekov

Atuchin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…An increasing number of individuals are transitioning toward plant-based dietary patterns worldwide [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Regardless of personal motivations, which may include mitigation of climate change and food insecurity, animal welfare, and health improvement, the study of metabolism and disease prevention in such dieters has gained growing interest, especially in pediatric and adolescent populations [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. We employed our method for the assessment of SAM and SAH concentrations in a well-characterised cohort of healthy adults [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A growing number of people are transitioning toward plant-based diets worldwide [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Whether their motivations include mitigation of climate change and food insecurity, animal welfare, health improvement, or other, the study of how nutrition impacts metabolism in such dieters has gained renewed interest, both in adult and paediatric populations [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. We hypothesized that SAM and SAH concentration in human plasma may vary upon transition from an omnivorous diet into a vegan or meat-rich diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of S-Adenosylmethionine and S-Adenosylhomocysteine: Method Optimisation and Profiling in Healthy Adults upon Short-Term Dietary Intervention

et al. 2022

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S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is essential for methyl transfer reactions. All SAM is produced de novo via the methionine cycle. The demethylation of SAM produces S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), an inhibitor of methyltransferases and the precursor of homocysteine (Hcy). The measurement of SAM and SAH in plasma has value in the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and in research to assess methyl group homeostasis. The determination of SAM and SAH is complicated by the instability of SAM under neutral and alkaline conditions and the naturally low concentration of both SAM and SAH in plasma (nM range). Herein, we describe an optimised LC-MS/MS method for the determination of SAM and SAH in plasma, urine, and cells. The method is based on isotopic dilution and employs 20 µL of plasma or urine, or 500,000 cells, and has an instrumental running time of 5 min. The reference ranges for plasma SAM and SAH in a cohort of 33 healthy individuals (age: 19–60 years old; mean ± 2 SD) were 120 ± 36 nM and 21.5 ± 6.5 nM, respectively, in accordance with independent studies and diagnostic determinations. The method detected abnormal concentrations of SAM and SAH in patients with inborn errors of methyl group metabolism. Plasma and urinary SAM and SAH concentrations were determined for the first time in a randomised controlled trial of 53 healthy adult omnivores (age: 18–60 years old), before and after a 4 week intervention with a vegan or meat-rich diet, and revealed preserved variations of both metabolites and the SAM/SAH index.

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“…In addition, a post hoc analysis was conducted with a modified hPDI (hPDImod), which was equivalent to hPDI except that the food groups potatoes, fish or seafood, eggs, and dairy were excluded. The rationale for this was that, although hPDI counts these food groups as “negatives” (unhealthful), potential adverse cardiovascular effects of potatoes, 27–30 fish, 31 eggs, 32–36 and dairy 29,37,38 (compared to plant‐based protein sources) are uncertain 39 . In the context of this intervention, increases in PDI, hPDI, and hPDImod as well as a decrease in uPDI are considered desirable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The healthful plant‐based diet index as a tool for obesity prevention—The healthy lifestyle community program cohort 3 study

Koeder

Alzughayyar

Anand

et al. 2022

Obesity Science & Practice

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Background: World-wide the prevalence of obesity is high, and promoting a shift toward more healthful and more plant-based dietary patterns appears to be one promising strategy to address this issue. A dietary score to assess adherence to a healthy plant-based diet is the healthful plant-based diet index. While there is evidence from cohort studies that an increased healthful plant-based diet index is associated with improved risk markers, evidence from intervention studies is still lacking. Methods:A lifestyle intervention was conducted with mostly middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population (n = 115). The intervention consisted of a 16-month lifestyle program focusing on a healthy plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management, and community support.Results: After 10 weeks, significant improvements were seen in dietary quality, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, measured and calculated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, oxidized LDL particles, nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, glucose, insulin, blood pressure, and pulse pressure. After 16 months, significant decreases were seen in body weight (−1.8 kg), body mass index (−0.6 kg/m 2 ), and measured LDL cholesterol (−12 mg/dl). Increases in the healthful plant-based diet index were associated with risk marker improvements. Conclusions:The recommendation of moving toward a plant-based diet appears acceptable and actionable and may improve body weight. The healthful plant-based diet index can be a useful parameter for intervention studies.

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Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition

Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition

Analysis of S-Adenosylmethionine and S-Adenosylhomocysteine: Method Optimisation and Profiling in Healthy Adults upon Short-Term Dietary Intervention

The healthful plant‐based diet index as a tool for obesity prevention—The healthy lifestyle community program cohort 3 study

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