Vegetable Fillers and Rapeseed Oil-Based Polyol as Natural Raw Materials for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Leszczyńska, Milena; Malewska, Elżbieta; Ryszkowska, Joanna; Kurańska, Maria; Gloc, Michał; Leszczyński, Michał K.; Prociak, Aleksander

doi:10.3390/ma14071772

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The studies on the effect of specific fillers such as cellulose [ 38 ] on the cell structure of PUR foam composites show that the introduction of the filler into a PUR system reduced the size of the cells ( Figure 1 c,e). These results were found to be in agreement with the studies carried out by Leszczyńska et al [ 39 ], who demonstrated a reduction in cell size after the incorporation of vegetable-based fillers. The smaller cell size could have effectively extended the heat transfer path through the solid phase and reduced the radiant heat transfer, thus, lowering the thermal conductivity values of the non-flame retardant and flame retardant PUR foam composites with the SFP and SFP/LG fillers.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Impact of Sunflower Press Cake and Its Modification with Liquid Glass on Polyurethane Foam Composites: Thermal Stability, Ignitability, and Fire Resistance

et al. 2022

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Polyurethane (PUR) foams are some of the most promising thermal insulating materials because of their high flammability, but further applications are limited. Therefore, the development of flame-retardant materials with sufficient strength characteristics, water resistance, and low thermal insulating properties is of great importance to the modern building industry. This study evaluates the possibility of a vacuum-based liquid glass (LG) infusion into bio-based fillers, in this case, sunflower press cake (SFP) particles, to improve the mechanical performance, water absorption, thermal insulation, ignitability, thermal stability, and flame retardancy of the resulting polyurethane (PUR) foam composites. The main findings show that LG slightly improves the thermal stability and highly contributes to the ignitability and flame retardancy of the resulting products. Most importantly, from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, the SFP/LG filler reduces the thermal conductivity and water absorption values by up to 20% and 50%, respectively, and increases the compressive strength by up to 110%. The results obtained indicate that the proposed SFP/LG filler-modified PUR foam composites are suitable for applications as thermal insulation materials in building structures.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Impact of Sunflower Press Cake and Its Modification with Liquid Glass on Polyurethane Foam Composites: Thermal Stability, Ignitability, and Fire Resistance

et al. 2022

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“…J. Lisperguer et al obtained a degradation peak for tannin obtained from Acacia dealbata at 258 °C [ 48 ]. The chemical composition of this specific CP (with no purification) was determined in the previous report by researchers from the Warsaw University of Technology [ 49 ]. Table 7 shows the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and raw fat in CP filler.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafted Lactic Acid Oligomers on Lignocellulosic Filler towards Biocomposites

et al. 2022

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Lactic acid oligomers (OLAs) were in situ synthesized from lactic acid (LAc) and grafted onto chokeberry pomace (CP) particleboards by direct condensation. Biocomposites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and modified/unmodified CP particles containing different size fractions were obtained using a mini-extruder. To confirm the results of the grafting process, the FTIR spectra of filler particles were obtained. Performing 1HNMR spectroscopy allowed us to determine the chemical structure of synthesized OLAs. The thermal degradation of modified CP and biocomposites were studied using TGA, and the thermal characteristics of biocomposites were investigated using DSC. In order to analyse the adhesion between filler particles and PLA in biocomposites, SEM images of brittle fracture surfaces were registered. The mechanical properties of biocomposites were studied using a tensile testing machine. FTIR and 1HNMR analysis confirmed the successful grafting process of OLAs. The modified filler particles exhibited a better connection with hydrophobic PLA matrix alongside improved mechanical properties than the biocomposites with unmodified filler particles. Moreover, a DSC analysis of the biocomposites with modified CP showed a reduction in glass temperature on average by 9 °C compared to neat PLA. It confirms the plasticizing effect of grafted and ungrafted OLAs. The results are promising, and can contribute to increasing the use of agri-food lignocellulosic residue in manufacturing biodegradable packaging.

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“…In 2019, the global polyurethane (PUR) market was estimated to be worth $95.13 billion and is forecast to increase at an annual rate of 12% up to $149.91 billion by 2023. PUR foams have a share of 67% and dominate the PUR market [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Polyurethane Foams Modified with a Mixture of Bio-Polyols of Different Chemical Structures

et al. 2021

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We report on rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams prepared using different contents of a mixture of two bio-polyols (20–40 php). The bio-polyols were obtained through epoxidation and a ring opening reaction. Different chemical structures of the bio-polyols resulted from the use of 1-hexanol and 1,6-hexanediol as opening agents. The bio-polyols were characterized by hydroxyl values of 104 and 250 mgKOH/g and viscosities of 643 and 5128 mPa·s, respectively. Next, the influence of the bio-polyols on the foaming process of PUR systems as well as the foam properties was evaluated. The bio-foams modified with different contents of the bio-polyols were next compared with a reference foam obtained using a polyether petrochemical polyol. The effect of the apparent density reduction as a result of replacing the petrochemical polyol was minimized by decreasing the water content in the formulation. It was found that the modification of the recipe by changing the content of water, acting as a chemical foaming agent, did not affect the foaming process. However, the introduction of the bio-polyols mixture limited the reactivity of the systems by reducing the maximum temperature of the foaming process. The bio-materials with comparable apparent densities to that of the reference material were characterized by similar values of the thermal conductivity coefficient and a decrease in their mechanical strengths. A deterioration of mechanical properties was caused by the plasticization of the polyurethane matrices with the bio-polyols containing dangling chains. However, all materials were dimensionally stable at room temperature.

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Vegetable Fillers and Rapeseed Oil-Based Polyol as Natural Raw Materials for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Sunflower Press Cake and Its Modification with Liquid Glass on Polyurethane Foam Composites: Thermal Stability, Ignitability, and Fire Resistance

Impact of Sunflower Press Cake and Its Modification with Liquid Glass on Polyurethane Foam Composites: Thermal Stability, Ignitability, and Fire Resistance

Grafted Lactic Acid Oligomers on Lignocellulosic Filler towards Biocomposites

Bio-Polyurethane Foams Modified with a Mixture of Bio-Polyols of Different Chemical Structures

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