Vegetable oil basestocks for lubricants

Garcés, Rafael; Martı́nez-Force, Enrique; Salas, Joaquı́n J.

doi:10.3989/gya.045210

Cited by 71 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…1 One example of industrial sector with particular environmental awareness and capacity to exploit different agroresources and vegetable-derived products is the lubricant industry. [2][3][4][5] A great number of research work analysing the lubricant properties of different vegetable oils and derivatives resulting from chemical modifications have been reported in the last years. Among them, castor oil is considered one of the most interesting alternative base oil, especially due to its high viscosity and good performance characteristics at low temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gel-Like Dispersions of HMDI-Cross-Linked Lignocellulosic Materials in Castor Oil: Toward Completely Renewable Lubricating Grease Formulations

Gallego

Arteaga

Valencia

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this work several lignocellulose pulps from different origin and/or submitted to different treatments were crosslinked with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and further dispersed in castor oil in order to obtain gel-like formulations based on renewable resources, which can be potentially applicable as semi-solid lubricants. The rheological and tribological properties attained as well as physical and mechanical stability were suitable to consider these gel-like dispersions as efficient alternatives to traditional lubricating greases. The rheological behavior was evaluated by means of both small-amplitude oscillatory shear tests (SAOS) and viscous flow measurements, at different temperatures. The HMDI/cellulose pulp weight ratio applied in the crosslinking reaction can be used to modify and modulate the consistency and the values of rheological functions of these gel-like dispersions. However, the rheological behavior is not qualitatively affected by the amount of HMDI used as coupling agent. The thermo-rheological response evidences a softening temperature of around 100ºC. Mechanical stability of HMDIcrosslinked lignocellulose-based oleogels, evaluated as the loss of consistency after submitting the sample to a working test, was significantly improved respecting the non-crosslinked lignocellulose gel-like dispersion. Microstructural morphology was examined using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) and consist of long and entangled fibers, extremely similar to that found in lithium greases. Moreover, friction coefficient and resulting wear mark diameters obtained in a ball-on-disc contact lubricated with these eco-friendly formulations were, in most cases, comparable to that obtained with commercial lubricating greases. Therefore, HMDIcrosslinked lignocellulose materials are proposed as effective and promising eco-friendly thickener agents in vegetable oils.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gel-Like Dispersions of HMDI-Cross-Linked Lignocellulosic Materials in Castor Oil: Toward Completely Renewable Lubricating Grease Formulations

Gallego

Arteaga

Valencia

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…5 Almost half of the plastics serve as short-term packaging materials, beverage bottles or absorbable sutures. [23][24][25][26] Plant oils stand out as the most appealing feedstock affording surfactants, 27 lubricants 28 and cosmetic products 29 by the route of chemical synthesis in the last two decades. The continuous consumption of petrochemical feedstock and deteriorating environment in turn cause the price fluctuations of fossil resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of polyesters derived from renewable eugenol and α,ω-diols via a continuous overheating method

Zhao

et al. 2015

Polym. Chem.

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Two eugenol-based aromatic dimethyl terephthalate (DMT)-like monomers were prepared via thiol-ene click reaction and subsequent nucleophilic substitution reactions with methyl chloroacetate or 1,4-dibromobutane. Two series of thermoplastic polyesters derived from renewable eugenol and linear aliphatic α,ω-diols HO-(CH2)n-OH (n = 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 12) were successfully synthesized. These prepared polyesters have weight-average molecular weights in the range of 18500-90500 g mol -1 , and polydispersities (PDI) between 1.8 and 2.2. Their chemical structures were all accurately characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and FTIR. The random microstructures of synthetic polyesters were also explored by 13 C NMR. The obtained polyesters all exhibit thermal stability above 330°C. More importantly, the thermal stability, the maximum degradation rate and residue weight are intimately associated with the length of the linear aliphatic α,ω-diol. Their thermo-mechanical properties were studied by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The length of linear aliphatic α,ω-diol shows crucial influence on the glass transition temperature (Tg). With the gradually increase of the α,ω-diol length, the Tg of the synthesized polyester uniformly exhibits a tendency of decreasing. The polyesters are all amorphous materials at room temperature, whose Tg values range from -28.4 to 7.6°C. The incorporation of aromatic eugenol into the polyester chains reduces the crystallinity obviously, as well as the mechanical properties compared with conventional PET or PBT. The Young's modulus and ultimate strength are just in the range of 1.2-6.9 MPa and 0.96-3.37 MPa, respectively. On the contrary, the elongation at break reaches up to 840-1000%, indicating the excellent viscosity properties for such unmanageable viscous materials.

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“…minimum changes in viscosity with temperature), high flashpoint and low volatility. They are esters of fatty acids and glycerol, and their physicochemical properties rely mainly on the composition of their acyl moieties (Garcés et al, 2011). Vegetable oil basestocks L.A. GARCÍA-ZAPATEIRO, J.M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, thermal and viscous characterization of high-oleic sunflower and olive pomace acid oils and derived estolides

García‐Zapateiro¹,

Franco²,

Valencia³

et al. 2013

Grasas y Aceites

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RESUMEN Caracterización química, térmica y viscosa de oleí-nas ácidas de girasol alto oleico y orujo de oliva y estó-lidos derivadosEste trabajo presenta la caracterización química, térmica y viscosa de estólidos preparados a partir de oleínas ácidas de girasol alto-oleico y de orujo de oliva, utilizando diferentes métodos catalizados por ácidos y diferentes tiempos de reacción. Se obtuvieron estólidos con pesos moleculares promedios en peso entre 1,7 y 3,4 veces más altos que las oleínas de origen. El peso molecular de los estólidos aumenta cuando se utiliza el método catalizado por ácido sulfúrico y un tiempo de reacción de 3-6 h. Los estólidos obtenidos presentan temperaturas de congelación más altas que las oleínas. En general, los valores de viscosidad están relacionados con el peso molecular del estólido. Se encontraron incrementos significativos de viscosidad en comparación con las oleínas. Los valores máximos de viscosidad se obtuvieron para los estólidos preparados con el método catalizado por ácido sulfúrico. En los estólidos derivados de oleína de orujo de oliva se observaron los mayores incrementos de viscosidad durante las 6 primeras horas de reacción, debido al mayor aumento en el peso molecular. Tiempos más largos de reacción dan lugar a resultados desfavorables. La dependencia de la viscosidad con la temperatura de todos los estólidos es más importante que en las oleínas de partida. PALABRAS CLAVE: Análisis térmico -BiolubricantesEstólido -Oleínas ácidas de girasol alto oleico -Oleínas ácidas de orujo de oliva -Subproductos -Viscosidad. SUMMARY Chemical, thermal and viscous characterization of high-oleic sunflower and olive pomace acid oils and derived estolidesThis work deals with the chemical, thermal and viscous characterization of a variety of estolides, prepared from higholeic sunflower and olive pomace acid oils, using different acid-catalyzed synthesis protocols and reaction times. Estolides with weight-average molecular weights between 1.7 and 3.4 times higher than the original acid oils were obtained. The molecular weight of the estolides was higher when using the sulphuric acid-catalyzed method and a reaction time of 3-6 h. Estolides presented higher freezing temperatures than acid oils. In general, viscosity values are related to estolide molecular weight. Significant increments in viscosities were found in comparison with acid oils. Maximum viscosity values were obtained for estolides prepared using the sulphuric acidcatalyzed method. The largest viscosity increments in olive pomace acid oil-derived estolides were observed during the first 6 hours of reaction, due to an increase in the molecular weight; longer reaction times yielded adverse results. The temperature dependence of viscosity for all estolides studied is significantly larger than for the original acid oils. KEY-WORDS:Biolubricants -Byproducts -Estolides -High-oleic sunflower acid oil -Olive pomace acid oilThermal analysis -Viscosity.

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Vegetable oil basestocks for lubricants

Abstract: 21biolubricant production were reviewed. Their properties and the future improvement of the oil bases, oil based stock production, uses and additives are discussed. KEY-WORDS: Biodegradable -Lubricant additives -Lubricant -Monounsaturaed fatty acids -Vegetable basestocks.

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

Gel-Like Dispersions of HMDI-Cross-Linked Lignocellulosic Materials in Castor Oil: Toward Completely Renewable Lubricating Grease Formulations

Gel-Like Dispersions of HMDI-Cross-Linked Lignocellulosic Materials in Castor Oil: Toward Completely Renewable Lubricating Grease Formulations

Synthesis and properties of polyesters derived from renewable eugenol and α,ω-diols via a continuous overheating method

Chemical, thermal and viscous characterization of high-oleic sunflower and olive pomace acid oils and derived estolides

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