Vegetable Oils of Soybean, Sunflower and Tung as Alternative Fuels for Compression Ignition Engines

Abstract

This work assess the technical viability of the use of straight vegetable oils as fuel for a compression ignition engine applied to distributed electric generation. The use of neat soybean, sunflower, and tung oils, three vegetable oils with potential for application in southern Brazil, was assessed. For this purpose, an electronically controlled conversion kit that preheats the fuel to a proper temperature was developed and adapted to a single-cylinder, naturally aspired, mechanically injected and controlled, compression ignition engine. The engine performance in a steady-state dynamometric cell, in terms of power, torque, specific fuel consumption, and emissions, using vegetable oils, was measured and compared to the performance for neat diesel oil. The neat diesel oil resulted in the highest brake power and the neat tung oil resulted in the lowest, with the relative difference among all fuels varying between 5 % and 20 %. However, the first law efficiency was highest for some of the blends tested, reaching 38 %, and increased for lower speed. The NO x and CO emissions both increased as the engine speed decreased, revealing the lack of complete combustion especially in the higher speed regime.

Review of Biojet Fuel Conversion Technologies

“…Palm oil heating value 0.12 (Mehta and Anand 2009) Rapeseed oil heating value 0.13 (Mehta and Anand 2009) Soybean oil heating value 0.13 (Mehta and Anand 2009) Jatropha oil heating value 0.12 (World 2013) Camelina oil heating value 0.14 (Bernardo, Howard-Hildige, et al 2003) Algal oil heating value 0.12 (Frank, Han, et al 2011) Salicornia oil heating value 0.12 (Stratton, Wong, et al 2010) Tung oil heating value 0.12 (Hartmann, Garzón, et al 2013) Pyrolysis oil heating value 0.07 (Ringer, Putsche, et al 2006) Glucose heating value 0.09 (Stuve 2002) Xylose heating value 0.08 (Humbird, Davis, et al 2011) Sucrose heating value 0.09 (Humbird, Davis, et al 2011) Fructose heating value 0.09 Same heating value as glucose Jet fuel heating value 0.13 (American Society for Testing and Materials 2013) DMF heating value 0.108 (Kazi, Patel, et al 2011;Yanowitz, Christensen, et al 2011) HMF heating value 0.096 (Humbird, Davis, et al 2011)…”

A Technical Review on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled with Straight Vegetable Oil

“…The "SVO" is also called "raw vegetable oil or pure plant oil or neat vegetable oil or pure plant oil or straight plant oil or raw plant oil or crude vegetable oil and virgin vegetable oil. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Indian farmers preferably use compression ignition (CI) engine or diesel engine (DE) for agricultural purposes. Because vegetable oil's unique characteristics, such as its properties are comparable to diesel, bio-degradable, locally and readily available in nature, make vegetables oils a good contender to substitute the existing fossil diesel (FD).…”

“…(↑-Increase, ↓-Decrease, ∆-Insignificant changes, AAOH -at all operational hours) TIWARI & SINGH, Hartmann et al9 worked on the 1C, 4S, NA, DI, CI engine and studied the performance and emission parameters running with SVOs (PH/UH). They adopted preheated (65°C-95°C) neat sunflower, soybean, tong VOs for experiments at full load and VES (1300 to 2000 rpm with 100rpm steps) conditions.…”