Vegetables′ juice influences polyol pathway by multiple mechanisms in favour of reducing development of oxidative stress and resultant diabetic complications

Abstract

Objective:Hyperglycemia induced generation of free radicals and consequent development of oxidative stress by polyol pathway is one of the crucial mechanisms stirring up development of diabetic complications. We evaluated influence of ten vegetables’ juice on polyol pathway along with their antioxidant and antioxidative stress potentials.Materials and Methods:Aldose reductase activity was determined utilising goat lens and human erythrocytes. In goat lens, utilization of nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and aldose reductase inhibition was assayed. In human erythrocytes, sorbitol formation was measured as an index of aldose reductase activity under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Ability of juices in inhibiting oxidative damage to deoxyribose sugar and calf thymus DNA and inhibitory activity against hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis of erythrocytes was also analysed. Phytochemical contents like total polyphenol, total flavonoid and total protein were measured to find their influence on biological activities.Results:Vegetables’ juice displayed varying degrees of inhibitory potentials in mitigating NADPH dependent catalytic activity of aldose reductase in goat lens, accumulation of sorbitol in human erythrocytes under different glucose concentrations; Fenton-reaction induced oxidative damage to deoxyribose sugar, and calf thymus DNA. Substantial variations in vegetables phytochemicals content were also noticed in this study.Conclusions:Vegetables’ juice possesses potent activities in influencing polyol pathway by various mechanisms in favour of reducing development of oxidative stress independent of their inherent antioxidative properties. Juice of ivy gourd followed by green cucumber and ridge gourd were among the most potent for they displayed strong activities on various parameters analysed in this study. These vegetables’ juice may become part of mechanism-based complementary antioxidant therapy to prevent development of diabetic complications.

Ginsenoside Rb1 Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Injury via the NAD-PARP-SIRT Axis in Rat Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells

“…Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is a coenzyme widely involved in a broad range of oxidation reduction reactions that are important for the maintenance of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. High glucose-induced activation of the polyol pathway, which is catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR), converts glucose to sorbitol with the concomitant oxidation of NADPH to NADP + [17]. The depletion of intracellular NADPH and GSH promotes NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, which has emerged as a major source of ROS in endothelial cells.…”

Dosakaya Juice Assuages Development of Sucrose Induced Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Imbalance in Antioxidant Defense

“…The augmentation in GR and GSH levels in sucrose fed animals than normal group of rats may be linked to the energetic system related to pentose phosphate pathway, whereas increased glucose concentration due to sucrose feeding might be providing enough NADPH through the pentose phosphate pathway [ Figure 2 ]. As, DK juice is considered as rich source of antioxidants,[ 10 12 ] significant increase in levels of antioxidants GR and GSH in DK juice + Sucrose group of animals appears advantage of DK juice feeding [Figure 3a and b ]. The increase in GR levels due to DK juice in rats can be seen as an improvement in antioxidant defense because; GR protects cells from harmful effects of hydroperoxides.…”

“…[ 9 ] It is a rich source of protein, polyphenols, and flavonoids, display multiple antioxidant activities, moderate starch-induced postprandial glycemic load in rats,[ 10 ] inhibit protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1β enzyme responsible for the development of insulin resistance,[ 11 ] and influence polyol pathway by multiple mechanisms that may help prevent the development of diabetic complications. [ 12 ] However, studies on chronic feeding of DK in dysglycemic animal models are not yet performed. In the present research, we report the effect of DK juice on the development of sugar induced dysglycemia and influence on antioxidant defense mechanisms in rats.…”

Metabolic effects of mulberry branch bark powder on diabetic mice based on GC-MS metabolomics approach

“…Sorbitol in liver is converted to fructose in the presence of sorbitol dehydrogenase. In this polyol pathway, decreased NADPH/NADP + and increased NADH/NAD + result in redox imbalance and oxidative stress through reduced level of glutathione and increased reactive oxygen species concentrations [38]. The increased fructose metabolize lead to excess consumption sequesters inorganic phosphate and depletes ATP levels.…”