Vegetal cover to estimate soil erosion hazard in Rhodesia

Elwell, H.A.; Stocking, Michael

doi:10.1016/0016-7061(76)90071-9

Cited by 238 publications

(131 citation statements)

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“…4. The protective action induced by vegetation, beside the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of soils due to the biomass addition (already highlighted in the surveys performed on bare soils), contributed to reduce sediment concentration in the collected runoff volumes (on the average by 40%): this result matches the outcomes of other Authors (Mueller-Dumbois and Ellemberg [16]; Elwell and Stocking [7]; Riezebos and Epema [18]; Smith and Mullins [21]; Sanchez and Puigdefabregas [19]; Deuchras et al [5]; Lasanta et al [11]; Barthés and Roose [1]; Casermeiro et al [2]) in relation to sediment yield observed in artificial or natural slopes with different vegetal coverage and exposed both to natural and simulated rainfalls. The correlation between the sediment yield and the vegetal canopy cover was evident only for treated soils (r 2 = 0.78; r 2 = 0.39 for control plots), fig.…”

Section: Hydrological Effects In Vegetated Soilssupporting

confidence: 87%

Land spreading of solar-dried citrus peel to control runoff and soil erosion

Bombino

Denisi

Fortugno

et al. 2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Marginal areas of southern Italy are often characterised by steep slopes and scarce vegetal coverage, which induce relevant runoff and soil erosion phenomena. On the other hand, the agricultural system of some Italian regions is characterized by the presence of many citrus industries, producing high amounts of by-products and wastewater. The possibility of spreading orange peel over land could represent an alternative solution for a more sustainable biomass disposal and, at the same time, protect against the risks soil erosion in Mediterranean areas. This paper reports the results of an experimental research activity aimed at evaluating the hydrological effects of land spreading of solar-dried citrus peel over steep plots (remodelled at 100%-slope), containing bare soil or covered by vegetation and exposed to natural rainfalls. The comparison of hydrological observations to those performed on untreated soils ("control") highlighted that the addition of citrus peel to soil induced an appreciable reduction of runoff and particularly of sediment yield, due to the improvement of the soil properties, which encourages the establishment and development of vegetation.

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Section: Hydrological Effects In Vegetated Soilssupporting

confidence: 87%

Land spreading of solar-dried citrus peel to control runoff and soil erosion

Bombino

Denisi

Fortugno

et al. 2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…Tank evaporation (A-tank) records are unavailable in the study region. However, two stations located in a drier climate, 50 km towards the west (Anguil), and in a cooler and moister climate, 300 km towards the southeast (Balcarce) achieve average values of 2009 and 1011 mm/yr for 1976-2006. Even the lowest of these values is higher than those typically reported for annual crops with unlimited water supply (Carcova et al, 2000;Gardiol et al, 2003), suggesting that pond evaporation could become a more effective vapour evacuation pathway than transpiration to remove water once flooding expands.…”

Section: Groundwater and Floods At The District Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Floods were frequently attributed to the conversion of woodlands and grasslands into grazing, cropping and urban lands. Water runoff typically decreases exponentially as plant cover increases (Elwell and Stocking, 1976;Lee and Skogerboe, 1985;Francis and Thornes, 1990) and paired catchment investigations on the hydrological role of vegetation show a general trend of declining evapotranspiration and increasing water yield as plant cover get reduced and as vegetation shifts across the forests-grasslands-annual crop sequence (Bosch and Hewlett, 1982;Calder, 1998;Zhang et al, 2001;Andréassian, 2004). Models and observations indicate that large trees in catchments may deplete groundwater reserves where their roots reach the water table, yet…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of cultivation and floods in arable lands of Central Argentina

Viglizzo

Jobbágy

Carreño

et al. 2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Although floods in watersheds have been associated with land-use change since ancient times, the dynamics of flooding is still incompletely understood. In this paper we explored the relations between rainfall, groundwater level, and cultivation to explain the dynamics of floods in the extremely flat and valuable arable lands of the Quinto river watershed, in central Argentina. The analysis involved an area of 12.4 million hectare during a 26-year period , which comprised two extensive flooding episodes in 1983-1988 and 1996-2003. Supported by information from surveys as well as field and remote sensing measurements, we explored the correlation among precipitation, groundwater levels, flooded area and land use. Flood extension was associated to the dynamics of groundwater level. While no correlation with rainfall was recorded in lowlands, a significant correlation (P <0.01) between groundwater and rainfall in highlands was found when estimations comprise a time lag of one year. Correlations between groundwater level and flood extension were positive in all cases, but while highly significant relations (P <0.01) were found in highlands, non significant relations (P >0.05) predominate in lowlands. Our analysis supports the existence of a cyclic mechanism driven by the reciprocal influence between cultivation and groundwater in highlands. This cycle would involve the following stages: (a) cultivation boosts the elevation of groundwater levels through decreased evapotranspiration; (b) as groundwater level rises, floods spread causing a decline of land cultivation; (c) flooding propitiates higher evapotranspiration Correspondence to: E. F. Viglizzo (evigliz@cpenet.com.ar) favouring its own retraction; (d) cultivation expands again following the retreat of floods. Thus, cultivation would trigger a destabilizing feedback self affecting future cultivation in the highlands. It is unlikely that such sequence can work in lowlands. The results suggest that rather than responding directly and solely to the same mechanism, floods in lowlands may be the combined result of various factors like local rainfall, groundwater level fluctuations, surface and subsurface lateral flow, and water-body interlinking. Although the hypothetical mechanisms proposed here require additional understanding efforts, they suggest a promising avenue of environmental management in which cultivation could be steered in the region to smooth the undesirable impacts of floods.

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“…Elwell & Stocking (1976) determinaram que com a perda de 70% da cobertura original, a erosão se elevaria drasticamente devido ao maior impacto da chuva sobre o solo. Nosso estudo detectou uma diferença de 571 mm (37%) de chuva entre a pastagem e a floresta.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Erosão do solo na Amazônia: estudo de caso na região do Apiaú, Roraima, Brasil

Barbosa

Fearnside

2000

Acta Amaz.

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O estudo analisou a erosão do solo pela ação da água das chuvas, em dois usos da terra (floresta primária e pastagem derivada de floresta) entre agosto de 1988 e fevereiro de 1992, na região do Apiaú, Estado de Roraima, Amazônia brasileira. Para um declive padrão de 20%, os resultados indicaram que a erosão em um sistema de pastagem com Brachiaria humidicola (1.128 kg.ha'.ano') foi 7,5 vezes maior quando comparado com os dados obtidos para floresta primária(150 kg.ha'.ano1) no mesmo período. O escoamento superficial ("runoff') foi de 3,18 χ IO6 l.ha'.ano'1 para o pasto e de 1,13 χ IO6 l.ha'.ano"1 para a floresta primária. Embora situados a menos de 1 km de distância, a precipitação pluviométrica anual que efetivamente atingiu o solo nos dois sistemas foi desigual (P < 0,001; t005 , 36) e refletiu a diferença de cobertura vegetal entre a floresta (1.538 mm) e a pastagem (2.109 mm). Os resultados indicam que a substituição de florestas tropicais por pastagens na Amazônia aumenta a erosão laminar e seus efeitos podem ser refletidos na sócio-economia regional e global.

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Vegetal cover to estimate soil erosion hazard in Rhodesia

Cited by 238 publications

References 1 publication

Land spreading of solar-dried citrus peel to control runoff and soil erosion

Land spreading of solar-dried citrus peel to control runoff and soil erosion

The dynamics of cultivation and floods in arable lands of Central Argentina

Erosão do solo na Amazônia: estudo de caso na região do Apiaú, Roraima, Brasil

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