Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Mortality in Adventist Health Study 2

Orlich, Michael J.; Singh, Pramil N.; Sabaté, Joan; Jaceldo‐Siegl, Karen; Fan, Jing; Knutsen, Synnøve F.; Beeson, W. Lawrence; Fraser, Gary E.

doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6473

Cited by 482 publications

(400 citation statements)

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“…Vegetables are high in nutrients and low in calories, and light food can maintain blood pressure equilibrium and also avoid a wide variety of cancers (Tomonari et al, 2011). Vegetarian diets have been found to be significantly associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality, non-cardiovascular non-cancer mortality, renal mortality, and endocrine mortality (Orlich et al, 2013). In our research, 90% of the centenarians eating vegetables every day, and around 70% of their daily diets consisting of light food evidence the fact that high nutrient could help to live longer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional aging and longevity characteristics in China

Wang

et al. 2016

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

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The factors that influence the length of human life are complex and longevity remains a controversial topic, particularly in China. This paper demonstrates the spatial patterns and changes of the elderly group (65 years old and over), the oldest old (80 years old and over) and the centenarians in China in the last decade, analyzes the influence of economic development on aging, and in the end, using a case study, explores the characteristics of the centenarians' behavior. The results indicate that high elderly and the oldest old proportions are more common in regions with higher socio-economic development and that have a favorable climate. Centenarian distribution pattern is less influenced by economic but only for few regions. Lifestyle factors, such as sufficient sleep, positive mental state and a light diet are also largely found among the centenarian group.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional aging and longevity characteristics in China

Wang

et al. 2016

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

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“…This analysis did not examine overall cancer mortality, but a subsequent analysis of mortality in AHS-2 found no significant difference in overall cancer mortality between vegetarians and non-vegetarians (41) . For cancer incidence, information on site-specific cancer incidence comes from a pooled analysis of nearly 5000 incidence cancers using data from the EPIC-Oxford and Oxford Vegetarian studies (42) .…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 93%

“…When the non-vegetarians in this study were subdivided as meat eaters and fish eaters (who ate fish but not meat) the death rate ratios compared with meat eaters were 0·89 (95 % CI 0·75, 1·05) in fish eaters and 1·03 (95 % CI 0·90, 1·16) in vegetarians. Analyses in both AHS and AHS-2 have shown lower mortality in vegetarians and semi-vegetarians combined than in nonvegetarians (57,41) ; in AHS-2, death rate ratios in semivegetarians, fish eaters, lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans compared with non-vegetarians were 0·92 (95 % CI 0·75, 1·13), 0·81 (0·69, 0·94), 0·91 (0·82, 1·00), and 0·85 (0·73, 1·01), respectively (41) . In the analysis of mortality data from the EPIC-Oxford study, standardised mortality ratios relative to the UK population for all causes of death were 52 % for both vegetarians and non-vegetarians (40) .…”

Section: All-cause Mortality and Life Expectancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term health of vegetarians and vegans

2015

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Vegetarians, who do not eat any meat, poultry or fish, constitute a significant minority of the world's population. Lacto-ovo-vegetarians consume dairy products and/or eggs, whereas vegans do not eat any foods derived wholly or partly from animals. Concerns over the health, environmental and economic consequences of a diet rich in meat and other animal products have focussed attention on those who exclude some or all of these foods from their diet. There has been extensive research into the nutritional adequacy of vegetarian diets, but less is known about the long-term health of vegetarians and vegans. We summarise the main findings from large cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies in western countries with a high proportion of vegetarian participants. Vegetarians have a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity and a lower risk of IHD compared with non-vegetarians from a similar background, whereas the data are equivocal for stroke. For cancer, there is some evidence that the risk for all cancer sites combined is slightly lower in vegetarians than in non-vegetarians, but findings for individual cancer sites are inconclusive. Vegetarians have also been found to have lower risks for diabetes, diverticular disease and eye cataract. Overall mortality is similar for vegetarians and comparable non-vegetarians, but vegetarian groups compare favourably with the general population. The long-term health of vegetarians appears to be generally good, and for some diseases and medical conditions it may be better than that of comparable omnivores. Much more research is needed, particularly on the long-term health of vegans.

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“…We believe that this assumption is due to a deductive reasoning process; namely, as omnivores who eat higher amounts of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts (Mediterranean pattern) perform better on metabolic risk markers, this relationship must also be true for vegetarians, since these foods are not restricted and would be the most available food option. Therefore, regarding food habits, despite their other behaviors, the choice to practice vegetarianism -by itself -has been assumed to be an intrinsic protective factor to cardiovascular disease [4,5,8,15]. …”

Section: Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reasonable to consider that this lack of attention originates from the conceptual model related to the vegetarian diet [3], which evidence shows has positive effects on health outcomes, i.e., metabolic syndrome [4] and mortality [5]. However, the assumption that solely being a vegetarian results in a healthy dietary pattern is problematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between overweight and consumption of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages among vegetarians

Silveira

Meneses²,

Quintana³

et al. 2017

Rev. Nutr.

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ResultsInformation was retrieved from 503 individuals (29.8±8.5 years old); 83.7% were women. The most frequent types of vegetarianism in our sample were ovo-lacto (45.5%) and vegan (41.7%), and the median time of vegetarianism was 5.3 years. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (≥2x/day) and ultra-processed food (≥3x/day) was 21.0% and 16.0%, respectively, and regarding the different vegetarianism types, vegans showed the lowest frequency of excessive daily sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed food consumption. In the multivariable analysis, consumption of ultra-processed food ≥3x/day (2.33 [1. 36-4.03 ConclusionAlthough vegetarianism is frequently associated with a healthier diet and, consequently, prevention of poor health outcomes, this study found that the excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed food was associated with overweight.

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Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Mortality in Adventist Health Study 2

Cited by 482 publications

References 40 publications

Regional aging and longevity characteristics in China

Regional aging and longevity characteristics in China

The long-term health of vegetarians and vegans

Association between overweight and consumption of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages among vegetarians

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