Vegetation structure and dynamics of <i>Pinus gerardiana</i> forests in Balouchistan, Pakistan

Ahmed, Moinuddin; Ashfaq, Mohammad; Amjad, Mohammad; Saeed, Mohammad

doi:10.2307/3235904

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The persons in charge of the Forest Department of the state of Himachal Pradesh estimate that natural regeneration is not sufficient for a renewal of the forest, except in very sloped zones, which would account for only 5% of the surface covered by the Chilgoza pine. This confirms the observations made in Pakistan [4,5]. To its overexploitation, other biotic and climatic factors are added which accentuate the poverty of natural regeneration.…”

Section: Factors Responsible For the Low Level Of Natural Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Chilgoza of Kinnaur. Influence of thePinus gerardianaedible seed market chain organization on forest regeneration in the Indian Himalayas

Peltier¹,

Dauffy²

2009

Fruits

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The Chilgoza of Kinnaur. Influence of the Pinus gerardiana edible seed market chain organization on forest regeneration in the Indian Himalayas. Abstract-Context, objective and methods. In the north of India, in the Himalayas, the high-altitude slopes [(between 1800 and 3300) m] are covered by forests where Pinus gerardiana dominates. This pine is known for its edible seeds (Chilgoza). The recent evolution of nut harvest methods means that there is danger of the disappearance of natural seedlings and the ageing of the forests. Therefore, a survey was carried out from 1998 with a hundred farmers, which was supplemented with field visits and discussions with resource people involved in the commercial chain. Results. In the 1950s, traditional harvesting rules made it possible to respect trees and to allow a small portion of seeds to reach the ground. So, in spite of particularly difficult ecological conditions, the forest was able to regenerate. During the five last decades, the roads opening have allowed an irrigated cash-arboriculture development in the valleys. The village communities have become less dependent on the Chilgoza trade and sell the nut harvest contracts to private contractors who employ foreign workers, cut many branches and practically collect all the seeds. So, regeneration has become practically non-existent. The poorest inhabitants cannot have access to this resource anymore. In town, the retail sale of Chilgoza represents a market of (100 to 300) t•year-1 , at a price from (15 to 20) €•kg, i.e., a market chain from (1.5 to 6) M€•year-1. Discussion and conclusion. The authors put forward a proposal to substitute for the two private platforms (purchase and drying) of New Delhi an organization with a non-lucrative purpose, concerned with a more respectful socioeconomic development of the environment. This unit would centralize Chilgoza buying, drying and storage in the production place. Then, it would ensure sales to urban sellers, at the time of the peak of market demand. This would allow for a more significant part of the market chain added value to remain in the valley; this money at the same time would make it possible to fight against poverty and to regenerate natural resources. The authors are campaigning to see that research and development projects, financed with national or international funds, come to support these proposals. India / Pinus gerardiana / Himalayan region / highlands / seeds / nonwood forest products / natural regeneration / sustainable land management / marketing channels

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Section: Factors Responsible For the Low Level Of Natural Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Chilgoza of Kinnaur. Influence of thePinus gerardianaedible seed market chain organization on forest regeneration in the Indian Himalayas

Peltier¹,

Dauffy²

2009

Fruits

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“…In Pakistan, very little is published on the present forest structure concentrating on broad leaved tree species Siddiqui et al, 2009;Khan et al, 2010b). However, attempts were made in gymnospermic forest without focusing the causes of gaps (Ahmed 1988a;1988b;Ahmed et al, 1990a;1990b;1991; Ahmed and Naqvi, Seedling and saplings densities are regarded as indicators of regeneration potential of species. The prevalence of good regeneration potential shows the suitability of species to the environment (Manoj et al, 2008).…”

Section: Size Frequency Distribution and Regeneration Potentialmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most of the widely distributed broad leaved species that were reported by Champion et al (1965) are now rare (Ahmed et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Structure, diversity, and regeneration potential of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. dominated forests of Lower Dir District, Pakistan

Khan

Ahmed

Shaukat

et al. 2011

Front. Agric. China

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This study reports on the multivariate analysis of the vegetation of Hindukush Range in Pakistan, concentrating on the structure and regeneration potential of Monotheca buxifolia and associated tree species. Twenty stands at different locations in the Dir District of the Hindukush Range in Pakistan were chosen for the study. A point centered quarter method for trees and 5 m Â 5 m size quadrats were used for the sampling of understorey vegetation, including shrubs, seedlings, and saplings, respectively. The underlying group structure in vegetation was exposed by an agglomerative clustering technique, while major trends were disclosed by DCA ordination. Size class structure and regeneration potential of M. buxifolia and associated tree species were also examined, which reflects the future trend of species and, consequently, the forests where they dominate. The relationships between environmental factors and vegetation were investigated.The arboreal vegetation was mostly dominated by broad leaved species including Monotheca buxifolia, Olea ferruginea, Acacia modesta, Punica granatum, Quercus baloot, and Ficus palmata. Among the understorey vegetation, the abundant species were Dodonea viscosa, Justicia adhatoda, Otostegia limbata, Indigofera gerardiana, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex dentatus, Marrubium vulgaris, Fragaria nubicola, Geranium rotundifolium, Daphne oleoides, Solanum nigram, Ajuga bracteosa, Oxalis corniculata seedlings of Monotheca buxifolia, Quercus baloot, and Punica granatum. At the seedling and sapling stage, the maximum number was observed for Monotheca buxifolia (27±5.75 and 38±7.1), followed by Quercus baloot (18±2.2 and 12±1.0) and Olea ferruginea. As far as regeneration status is concerned, 34% species showed good regeneration, 50% species were facing the problem of poor regeneration while, and only 16% species were not regenerating. Five groups of tree vegetation that emerged from Ward's cluster analysis could readily be superimposed on DCA ordination. These groups were associated with particular elevation and, to a lesser extent, with edaphic variables, such as pH and nutrients. Some of the topographic and edaphic variables, such as soil nutrient, showed significant or weak linear relationships with one or more ordination axes. The size class structure of M. buxifolia and associated tree species for individual stands exhibited a few gaps. Relationships between density and basal area were significant, but the density and basal area with altitudinal and slope gradient showed an insignificant relation. Some recommendations are outlined for future research and sustainable management of these forests species.

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“…Selective logging which involved cutting of preferred individuals from a stand without due consideration of their future regeneration has led to the depletion of mature trees in Harenna forest [46]. Ahmed et al [47] also concluded that gaps in size class structure were due to cutting rather than due to the failure of regeneration in their study in Pakistan. More than half of the Podocarpus falcatus individuals in the two blocks (i.e., 65 and 53% in block I and II, resp.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, Reproductive Biology, and Regeneration Status of Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) R. B. ex Mirb. in Bale Mountains, Southern Ethiopia

Woldearegay

Bekele

2020

International Journal of Forestry Research

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This study was carried out in the Dodola forest, Southern Ethiopia, to investigate the structure, reproductive biology, and regeneration status of Podocarpus falcatus. Based on their disturbance status, two blocks each having an area of 16 ha (400 m × 400 m) were laid in the forest to collect vegetation data. 16 plots (100 m × 100 m) and 256 subplots (25 m × 25 m) were established in each block. The population status of Podocarpus falcatus (dbh ≥ 5 cm) was assessed in the 256 subplots. The regeneration status of Podocarpus falcatus was also assessed around 40 randomly selected female trees isolated at least 10 m from any other female tree in each block. A total of 1363 Podocarpus falcatus individuals were recorded, with an average distribution of 43 individuals ha−1 and a higher proportion of small-sized individuals. The population structures of Podocarpus falcatus in the two blocks were a typical inverted J-shape pattern, indicating good regeneration and recruitment status of the study species. Podocarpus falcatus had a good regeneration status in Dodola forest and also larger quantities of its seedlings were recorded under canopy shades suggesting that the species is shade tolerant. The density of seedlings and saplings was small within 4 m radius from the seed source (female trees) compared to that observed greater than 4 m distance. Thus, poor regeneration is observed within a 4 m radius around the female trees compared to distances greater than 4 m. Therefore, the local community and other responsible stakeholders should work together to stop and/or reduce the selective cutting of this ecologically and economically important tree species in the forest.

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Vegetation structure and dynamics of Pinus gerardiana forests in Balouchistan, Pakistan

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

The Chilgoza of Kinnaur. Influence of thePinus gerardianaedible seed market chain organization on forest regeneration in the Indian Himalayas

The Chilgoza of Kinnaur. Influence of thePinus gerardianaedible seed market chain organization on forest regeneration in the Indian Himalayas

Structure, diversity, and regeneration potential of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. dominated forests of Lower Dir District, Pakistan

Structure, Reproductive Biology, and Regeneration Status of Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) R. B. ex Mirb. in Bale Mountains, Southern Ethiopia

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