Vegetative Storage Protein in Litchi chinensis, a Subtropical Evergreen Fruit Tree, Possesses Trypsin Inhibitor Activity

Weimin, Tian; Peng, Shi-Qing; Wang, Xuchu; Shi, Minjing; Chen, Yueyi; Hu, Zhenghao

doi:10.1093/aob/mcm216

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Two of them, unigene0036741 and unigene0044312 were VSP, which had been reported in litchi (Tian et al, 2007). The rest unigenes were seed protein-like isoform X1 (unigene0002017 and unigene0034368), Rm1C-like cupins superfamily protein isoform 1 (unigene0031179), PRPP (unigene0026847), MT 1a (unigene 0035479) and LEA (unigene 0023049).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Morphological Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling during Bud Development in a Tropical Perennial, Litchi chinensis Sonn.

Zhang

Lai

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Tropical evergreen perennials undergo recurrent flush growth, and their terminal buds alternate between growth and dormancy. In sharp contrast to the intensive studies on bud development in temperate deciduous trees, there is little information about bud development regulation in tropical trees. In this study, litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) was used as a model tropical perennial for morphological characterization and transcriptomic analysis of bud development. Litchi buds are naked with apical meristem embraced by rudimentary leaves, which are brown at dormant stage (Stage I). They swell and turn greenish as buds break (Stage II), and as growth accelerates, the rudimentary leaves elongate and open exposing the inner leaf primodia. With the outgrowth of the needle-like leaflets, bud growth reaches a maximum (Stage III). When leaflets expand, bud growth cease with the abortion of the rudimentary leaves at upper positions (Stage IV). Then buds turn brown and reenter dormant status. Budbreak occurs again when new leaves become hard green. Buds at four stages (Stage I to IV) were collected for respiration measurements and in-depth RNA sequencing. Respiration rate was the lowest at Stage I and highest at Stage II, decreasing toward growth cessation. RNA sequencing obtained over 5 Gb data from each of the bud samples and de novo assembly generated a total of 59,999 unigenes, 40,119 of which were annotated. Pair-wise comparison of gene expression between stages, gene profiling across stages, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis, and the expression patterns of 17 major genes highlighted by principal component (PC) analysis displayed significant changes in stress resistance, hormone signal pathways, circadian rhythm, photosynthesis, cell division, carbohydrate metabolism, programmed cell death during bud development, which might be under epigenetic control involving chromatin methylation. The qPCR results of 8 selected unigenes with high PC scores agreed with the RPKM values obtained from RNA-seq. Three Short Vegetative Phase (SVP) genes, namely LcSVP1, LcSVP2, and LcSVP3 displayed different expression patterns, suggesting their differential roles in bud development regulation. The study brought an understanding about biological processes associated with the phase transitions, molecular regulation of bud development, as well as cyclic bud growth as a strategy to survive tropical conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Morphological Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling during Bud Development in a Tropical Perennial, Litchi chinensis Sonn.

Zhang

Lai

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The microtome sections (12-m thickness) were stained with mercury-bromphenol blue combined with fast green to detect morphological changes and protein accumulation (22). The samples were examined using laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSM 510 META, Zeiss, Jena, Germany) (23).…”

Section: Plant Growth Conditions and Ion Treatments-seeds From The Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Proteomics of Thellungiella halophila Leaves from Plants Subjected to Salinity Reveals the Importance of Chloroplastic Starch and Soluble Sugars in Halophyte Salt Tolerance

Wang

Chang

Wang

et al. 2013

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

138

102

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Thellungiella halophila, a close relative of Arabidopsis, is a model halophyte used to study plant salt tolerance. The proteomic/physiological/transcriptomic analyses of Thellungiella plant leaves subjected to different salinity levels, reported herein, indicate an extraordinary ability of Thellungiella to adapt to large concentrations of exogenous saline by compartmentalizing Na ؉ into cell vacuoles and accumulating proline and soluble sugars as organic osmolytes. Salinity stress stimulated the accumulation of starch in chloroplasts, which resulted in a greatly increased content of starch and total sugars in leaves. Comparative proteomics of Thellungiella leaves identified 209 salt-responsive proteins. Among these, the sequences of 108 proteins were strongly homologous to Arabidopsis protein sequences, and 30 had previously been identified as Thellungiella proteins. Functional classification of these proteins into 16 categories indicated that the majority are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, followed by those involved in energy production and conversion, and then those involved in the transport of inorganic ions. Pathway analysis revealed that most of the proteins are involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, carbon fixation, photosynthesis, and glycolysis. Of these processes, the most affected were starch and sucrose metabolism, which might be pivotal for salt tolerance. The gene expression patterns of the 209 salt-responsive proteins revealed through hierarchical clustering of microarray data and the expression patterns of 29 Thellungiella genes evaluated via quantitative RT-PCR were similar to those deduced via proteomic analysis, which underscored the possibility that starch and sucrose metabolism might play pivotal roles in determining the salt tolerance ability of Thellungiella. Our observations enabled us to propose a schematic representation of the systematic salt-tolerance phenotype in Thellungiella and suggested that the increased accumulation of starch, soluble sugars, and proline, as well as subcellular compartmentalization of sodium, might collectively denote important mechanisms for halophyte salt tolerance. Molecular & Cellular

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“…A 0.5-cm-long section of shoots was fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde for 24 h at 4°C, dehydrated in ethanol and then embedded in paraffin. The microtome sections (10 lm) were stained with mercury-bromophenol blue combined with fast green as described (Tian et al 2007). And then, the samples were examined under light microscope or Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSM 510 META, ZAISS, Germany) as described (Zhang et al 2001) with the following settings: ex = 458 nm, em = 514 nm, power 5%, zoom 4, and mild scanning.…”

Section: Light and Scanning Electron Microscope Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium plays a more important role than potassium and chloride in growth of Salicornia europaea

Nie

Fan

et al. 2011

Acta Physiol Plant

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Salicornia europaea is a succulent euhalophyte that belongs to the Chenopodiaceae family. It is found that moderate concentration of NaCl can dramatically stimulate the growth of S. europaea plants. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the phenomenon, morphological and physiological changes of S. europaea in response to different ions, including cations (Na ? , K ? , Li ? , Cs ? ) and anions (Cl -, NO 3 -, CH 3 COO -) were investigated, and the effects of Na ? , Cl -and K ? on the growth of S. europaea were also studied. Na ? was more effective than K ? and Cl -in stimulating shoot succulence, cell expansion, and stomatal opening. Plants treated with Na ? (including NaCl, Na ? , NaNO 3 ) showed better plant growth, increased photosynthesis and less cell membrane damage than those untreated and treated with 200 mM of Cl -and K ? (including KCl and KNO 3 ). Both SEM-X-Ray microanalysis and flame emission results revealed that well developed S. europaea plants had a higher content of sodium but lower potassium and chlorine. It is concluded that sodium plays a more important role in the growth and development of S. europaea than potassium and chloride.

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Vegetative Storage Protein in Litchi chinensis, a Subtropical Evergreen Fruit Tree, Possesses Trypsin Inhibitor Activity

Abstract: Lychee is rich in a 22-kDa VSP with trypsin inhibitor activity. The VSP plays an important role in nitrogen storage while its possible defensive function remains to be elucidated.

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Morphological Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling during Bud Development in a Tropical Perennial, Litchi chinensis Sonn.

Morphological Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling during Bud Development in a Tropical Perennial, Litchi chinensis Sonn.

Comparative Proteomics of Thellungiella halophila Leaves from Plants Subjected to Salinity Reveals the Importance of Chloroplastic Starch and Soluble Sugars in Halophyte Salt Tolerance

Sodium plays a more important role than potassium and chloride in growth of Salicornia europaea

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