VEGF-B, VEGF-A, FLT-1, KDR, ERBB2, EGFR, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 Genes Expression Analysis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors and the Association with Tumor ClinicoPathological Parameters and Dog Breed Assessment

Sakalauskaitė, Simona; Šaltenienė, Violeta; Nikitina, Darja; Ugenskienė, Rasa; Riškevičienė, Vita; Karvelienė, Birutė; Juodžiukynienė, Nomeda

doi:10.3390/vetsci8100212

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The gene expression of the hyaluronidase isoform HYAL-1 has been scarcely described in CMNs and the results are controversial. Thus, whereas Varallo et al [37] have described a higher expression of HYAL-1 in canine mammary carcinoma when compared with healthy tissue, Sakalauskaite et al [9] observed no difference between carcinoma and healthy adjacent tissue, except in German Sheperd bitches, which showed a higher expression of HYAL-1 in the adjacent tissue. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to compare the expression of HYAL-1 among healthy mammary tissue, and benign and malignant mammary tumours in bitches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…RNA sequencing has provided a deep knowledge of the molecular biology of cancer [5][6][7]. RT-qPCR is considered an important tool for transcriptomic analysis in a variety of studies, including those carried out with samples from Canis lupus familiaris mammary tumours [8,9]. In the present study, the stability of four potential reference genes was evaluated to be used in the normalization of the target genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Programmed Death-Ligand (PD-L1), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Relaxin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3): Potential Biomarkers of Malignancy in Canine Mammary Neoplasia

Galadima,

Teles,

Pastor

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Gene expression has been suggested as a putative tool for prognosis and diagnosis in canine mammary neoplasia (CMNs). In the present study, 58 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) paraffined canine mammary neoplasias from 27 different bitches were included. Thirty-seven tumours were classified as benign, whereas thirty-one were classified as different types of canine carcinoma. In addition, mammary samples from three healthy bitches were also included. The gene expression for vascular endothelial growth factor-α (VEGFα), CD20, progesterone receptor (PGR), hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), relaxin (RLN2), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) was assessed through RT-qPCR. All the assessed genes yielded a higher expression in neoplastic mammary tissue than in healthy tissue. All the evaluated genes were overexpressed in neoplastic mammary tissue, suggesting a role in the process of tumorigenesis. Moreover, PD-L1, EGF, relaxin, and MMP3 were significantly overexpressed in malignant CMNs compared to benign CMNs, suggesting they may be useful as malignancy biomarkers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Death-Ligand (PD-L1), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Relaxin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3): Potential Biomarkers of Malignancy in Canine Mammary Neoplasia

Galadima,

Teles,

Pastor

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…On the other hand, the similarity of data from different countries suggests that the overrepresentation of some breeds may not necessarily be ‘just a coincidence’. Nevertheless, further research is still required 53 , 64 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factor analysis and clinicopathological characteristics of female dogs with mammary tumours from a single-center retrospective study in Poland

Dolka,

Czopowicz,

Stopka

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This is a comprehensive retrospective study to characterize female dogs with canine mammary tumors (CMTs) using a dataset retrieved from the archives of the Division of Animal Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine in Warsaw, and to identify prognostic factors. Clinical and histopathological data of 1447 dogs with CMTs were included. Malignant tumours were found in 83.3% (n = 1206), benign tumours in 11.7% (n = 169), and non-neoplastic lesions in 5.0% (n = 72) of dogs. Dogs most often had grade II carcinomas (38.2%, 215/562) of a single histological subtype (88.5%, 1281/1447), mostly simple carcinoma (35.3%, 510/1447). Dogs with a median age of 10 years significantly often had larger (≥ 3 cm) and malignant CMTs, whereas intact females had smaller tumours (median size 2.0 cm). However, the threshold value for the age of the dog in the differentiation of malignant and non-neoplastic/benign masses could not be determined. Most females were hormonally active (76.4%, 372/487). Hormonally active dogs significantly more often had multiple tumours. Multiple tumours were significantly smaller (median 2.5 cm) than single ones. Among pedigree dogs, small-breed dogs were mostly recorded (43%, 428/1006). Twelve breeds had an increased risk of CMTs, regardless of tumour behaviour, compared with the theoretical distribution of pedigree dogs in Poland. Four breeds were often affected only by malignant and other four breeds only by non-neoplastic/benign CMT. Large-breed dogs were significantly younger and affected by larger CMT (median 4 cm) compared with small- and medium-breed dogs. Ninety dogs with a malignant CMT and complete records were included in the full analysis of CMT-specific survival (CMT-SS) with a median follow-up time of 20.0 months. We showed that the timing of ovariohysterectomy in relation to mastectomy was significantly associated with grade, CMT-SS, and CMT-related death. We indicated the low diagnostic accuracy of palpation of regional lymph nodes (RLN) in the prediction of their metastatic involvement. By multivariable analysis, dogs with neoplastic emboli, tumour ulceration, and simple or complex carcinoma had a significantly higher risk of local recurrence. Tumour size > 3 cm was as a strong independent predictor of lung metastases. Compared with dogs with an easily separated localized tumour, dogs with a multiple/diffuse malignant CMT pattern had a fivefold higher risk of death. The risk of death was significantly higher in the presence of neoplastic emboli (~ fivefold) and tumour ulceration (~ fourfold). Furthermore, the presence of neoplastic emboli and large tumour size were independent predictors of CMT-related death.

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“…It is recognized that angiogenesis is vital in tumor growth, invasion and metastatic process [61]. VEGF-B and EGFR genes were overexpressed in mammary gland carcinomas compared to adjacent tissues [62].…”

Section: Cmt Markers Involved Hypoxia Angiogenesis Emt Invasion and M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Markers in Canine Mammary Tumors

Gherman,

Isachesku,

Zanoaga

et al. 2024

Acta Veterinaria

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Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are one of the most common neoplasms in female dogs. Unfortunately, the current diagnosis often occurs in later stages, and there is a pressing need for more comprehensive data on treatment options to improve overall prognosis. Consequently, the early detection of these tumors is critical for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. As such, biomarkers are essential for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CMT, the reason for which further research is required to enhance our understanding of the disease. The most studied biomarkers for CMT are evaluated from serum and tissue samples using different molecular approaches and relate to proliferation and cell cycle. Several biomarkers were also described regarding cell damage, autophagy and apoptotic-related pathways, hypoxia, angiogenesis, EMT, invasion, metastasis or cancer stem features. Overall, biomarkers have shown the potential to be used as a tool for the early detection of mammary tumors in dogs. However, more research is needed to validate these biomarkers and to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. In this regard, we aimed to review known biomarkers and their role in CMT comprehensively. We also encouraged further investigations of reliable biomarkers that could improve treatment outcomes and survival rates for dogs with this disease.

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VEGF-B, VEGF-A, FLT-1, KDR, ERBB2, EGFR, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 Genes Expression Analysis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors and the Association with Tumor ClinicoPathological Parameters and Dog Breed Assessment

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Programmed Death-Ligand (PD-L1), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Relaxin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3): Potential Biomarkers of Malignancy in Canine Mammary Neoplasia

Programmed Death-Ligand (PD-L1), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Relaxin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3): Potential Biomarkers of Malignancy in Canine Mammary Neoplasia

Risk factor analysis and clinicopathological characteristics of female dogs with mammary tumours from a single-center retrospective study in Poland

Molecular Markers in Canine Mammary Tumors

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