Vehicle and steering system dynamics in the context of on-centre handling

Ende, K. T. R. Van; Küçükay, Ferit; Henze, Roman; Kallmeyer, Felix; Hoffmann, Jens

doi:10.1007/s12239-015-0076-4

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Figure 6(a) compares the relative stiffness definitions used by SIMP (solid lines), equation (5), and by RAMP (dashed lines), equation (7), in function of the relative density for three values of the penalty factor p. All the curves pass through the (0,0) and the (1,1) points coherently with the fact that an empty element should have zero stiffness, and a full density element should have the same stiffness of the bulk material. Larger distances from the diagonal are associated to larger weight-to-stiffness ratios, making the material distribution in the element unfavourable.…”

Section: Ramp Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The steering wheel, mounted on the steering column, represents a physical connection between driver and vehicle, and influences the perception of vehicle handling. 5 Undesired vibrations on the steering wheel are one of the most annoying problems for drivers. These might be attributed to the resonance phenomenon induced, for instance, by engine idling on the steering equipment natural frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive manufacturing and topology optimization: A design strategy for a steering column mounting bracket considering overhang constraints

Mantovani

Campo

Ferrari

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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In the present paper, the use of the topology optimization in a metal Additive Manufacturing application is discussed and applied to an automotive Body-in-White component called dash. The dash is in the front area of the Body-in-White, between the left-hand-side shock-tower and the Cross Car Beam, and its task is to support the steering column. The dash under investigation is an asymmetric rib-web aluminium casting part. The influence of Additive Manufacturing constraints together with modal and stiffness targets is investigated in view of mass reduction. The constraints drive the topology result towards a feasible and fully self-supporting Additive Manufacturing solution. A simplified finite element model of the steering column and of the Body-in-White front area is presented, and the limiting assumption of isotropic material for Additive Manufacturing is discussed. The optimization problem is solved with a gradient-based method relying on the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization and on the RAtional Material with Penalization algorithms, considering the overhang angle constraint with given build directions. Three metals are tested: steel, aluminium and magnesium alloys. Topology optimization results with and without overhang angle constraints are discussed and compared. The aluminium solution, preferred for its lesser weight, has been preliminarily redesigned following the optimization results. The new dash concept has been validated by finite element considering stiffness, modal responses, and buckling resistance targets. The proposed dash design weighs 721 g compared to the 1537 g of the reference dash, with a weight reduction of 53%, for the same structural targets.

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Section: Ramp Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing and topology optimization: A design strategy for a steering column mounting bracket considering overhang constraints

Mantovani

Campo

Ferrari

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…Many scholars have done a lot of research on the effect of steering system on the performance of the vehicle. Van Ende et al 1 , 2 conducted a parametric modeling analysis to investigate how the steering system influenced the dynamic response of the vehicle and steering during on-center handling, and arrived at the finding that the elasticity of the steering system exerted a significant impact. Pfeffer et al 3 utilized a validated, customized simulation model to explore the impact of the interplay between the steering system and the vehicle on the handling behavior during on-center driving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the influence of universal gearing of steering system on vehicle handling stability

Gao,

2023

Science Progress

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The handling stability of a vehicle is a crucial performance aspect. In this study, the focus is on investigating the impact of the universal gearing of the steering shaft on the handling stability of the vehicle. The research involves a theoretical analysis of how the structural parameters of universal gearing affect the handling stability of the vehicle, which is then validated through a series of simulation experiments including swept-sine steering input simulation, constant radius cornering simulation, and cornering with steer release. Evaluation is based on objective indices such as the steering wheel angle, yaw rate, and lateral acceleration. Moreover, the trends of these indices with respect to the phase angle and initial angle of universal gearing are determined. The findings reveal that the steering ratio of the vehicle varies significantly for varying phase angle and initial angle, resulting in different handling performance. The relationship between the phase angle and fluctuation magnitude of steering ratio is particularly noteworthy, while the impact of initial angle is primarily on the phase of steering ratio. Furthermore, within a certain range, changing the structural parameters of the universal gearing has the potential to enhance the handling performance of the vehicle.

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“…A great deal of research has been done on the influences of steering system on vehicle performance from a variety of perspectives. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Haibin Li et al developed a steering system model using ADAMS multi-body dynamics software and embedded it in a full vehicle model to investigate the effects of many non-linear factors such as steering ratio, dry friction, and stiffness on on-centre handling. 1 Kristof Van Ende et al investigated the effect of steering system elasticity on on-centre handling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and optimization of vehicle transient characteristics under sine-swept steering input with considering steering system stiffness and damping

Gao

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K:

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This study focuses on the influence of steering system stiffness and damping on the vehicle transient characteristics at two different types of handling frequencies, and optimizes the vehicle transient characteristics with steering system stiffness and damping as optimization variables at both handling frequencies. The kinematic relationship between wheel angle and steering wheel angle is derived as well as a detailed analysis of the forces on the steering linkage. The differential equations of vehicle dynamics are developed to explain the influence of steering system stiffness and damping on the vehicle transient characteristics theoretically. The stiffness and damping, which have a significant influence on the vehicle transient characteristics, are selected by sensitivity analysis and used as variables for simulation verification. Simulation results show that the influence of steering system stiffness and damping on vehicle transient characteristics is different at high handling frequencies and low handling frequencies. The stiffness and damping are used as optimization variables and the objective evaluation indexes of vehicle transient characteristics at high handling frequencies and low handling frequencies are used as optimization targets for multi-objective optimization by the NSGA-II optimization algorithm. The optimization results show that: The yaw rate gain relative to steering wheel angle and the delay time of lateral acceleration relative to steering wheel angle are improved at both low and high frequencies.

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Vehicle and steering system dynamics in the context of on-centre handling

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Additive manufacturing and topology optimization: A design strategy for a steering column mounting bracket considering overhang constraints

Additive manufacturing and topology optimization: A design strategy for a steering column mounting bracket considering overhang constraints

Study of the influence of universal gearing of steering system on vehicle handling stability

Analysis and optimization of vehicle transient characteristics under sine-swept steering input with considering steering system stiffness and damping

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