Vehicle Collisions Among Four Species of Monkeys Between 2000 and 2018 on a Suburban Road in Diani, Kenya

Cunneyworth, Pamela M. K.; Duke, Joshua M.

doi:10.1007/s10764-020-00135-w

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Procolobus rufomitratus and Colobus guereza : Gillespie and Chapman, 2008; Alouatta spp. : Arroyo-Rodríguez and Dias, 2009; Ateles geoffroyi : Chaves et al, 2011; see also Marsh, 2003; Marsh and Chapman, 2013), the impact of urbanization on primate survival in the Neotropics and Afrotropics has been often neglected (but see Gordo et al, 2013; Cibot et al, 2015; Bicca-Marques, 2017; Katsis et al, 2018; Cunneyworth and Duke, 2020; Cunneyworth and Slade, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primates inhabiting small habitat patches (i.e. <10 ha; sensu Marsh et al, 2003), which may be immersed in peri-urban landscapes, tend to face higher levels of food scarcity, physiological stress and spatial isolation among other adverse consequences of living in these environments (Fahrig, 2003; Arroyo-Rodríguez and Dias, 2009, Bicca-Marques et al, 2020; Cunneyworth and Duke, 2020). Species that cope with these peri-urban stressors can exploit food patches containing native and cultivated plants and human-provisioned or wasted foods in the matrix as have been reported in Africa (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wildlife is imperiled in peri-urban landscapes: threats to arboreal mammals

Chaves

Júnior²,

Buss

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Urbanization and deforestation impose severe challenges to wildlife, particularly for forest-living vertebrates. Understanding how the peri-urban matrix impacts their survival is critical for designing strategies to promote their conservation. We investigated the threats faced by brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in peri-urban regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) states, southern Brazil, by compiling conflicts reported over more than two decades. We assessed the major conflicts, their distribution among age-sex classes, and the predictors of conflict-related mortality using GLMMs. After 20+ years of monitoring, we compiled 540 conflicts (RS=248 and SC=292). Electrocution in power lines was the most frequent cause of death or injury (37%), followed by dog attack (34%), run over (17%), and human mistreatment (12%). The occurrence of lethal injuries ranged from 5% to 69% depending on the type of conflict and state. The overall post-conflict mortality was 56%. Adult males and females were the major victims in both states. The minimal adequate GLMM explained 83% of the variation in conflict-related mortality. State, conflict type, and age-sex class were the main predictors of mortality. Overall, mortality was lower in SC and after human mistreatment, and higher among adult females than in the other classes. We found that the survival of brown howlers in the forest-urban interface is constrained by both the urban infrastructure and the growing interactions with humans and domestic and stray dogs. We propose the placement of aerial bridges, road signs and speed bumps in areas of frequent animal crossing, the sterilization of stray dogs, and the sensitization of local inhabitants on the importance of respecting and protecting wildlife to reduce their conflicts with humans and domestic animals in the forest-urban interface.Graphical AbstractHIGHLIGHTSWe investigated the threats faced by brown howler monkeys in peri-urban regions of southern Brazil.After 20+ years of monitoring, we compiled 540 conflicts between monkeys and humans in the two study regions.The main conflicts were electrocution (37%), dog attack (34%), run over (17%), and mistreatment (12%).Lethal injuries ranged from 5% to 69% depending on conflict type.State, conflict type, and age-sex class explained 83% of the variation in conflict-related mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife is imperiled in peri-urban landscapes: threats to arboreal mammals

Chaves

Júnior²,

Buss

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The magnitude of the problem is illustrated in a study of community-reported welfare cases involving primates along a 10-km stretch of road in a coastal resort town in Kenya. Collisions with vehicles were the single most frequent incident cause reported over a 19-year period (37% of all cases, n = 1,896), with 83% of collisions being fatal for the monkeys (Cunneyworth & Duke, 2020). Environmental factors such as variation in rainfall can affect roadkill frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental factors such as variation in rainfall can affect roadkill frequency. Some studies have reported more roadkill in wet seasons, whereas others found greater roadkill mortality in dry seasons (Jeganathan et al, 2018; Njovu et al, 2019; Cunneyworth & Duke, 2020). Fatal collisions with vehicles are more frequent on roads near and within than outside or further away from protected areas (Garrigia et al, 2012; Kioko et al, 2015; Akrim et al, 2019; Njovu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species vary in their susceptibility, with larger, longer-lived animals with slower life histories being particularly vulnerable to collisions (Rytwinski & Fahrig, 2012). Amongst primates, the degree of terrestriality can also affect roadkill risk: more arboreal species appear to be killed at greater frequency when crossing roads than species that spend more time on the ground (Cunneyworth & Duke, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The implications of vehicle collisions for the Endangered endemic Zanzibar red colobusPiliocolobus kirkii

Olgun

Mohammed²,

Mzee³

et al. 2021

Oryx

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Roads affect wildlife in a variety of negative ways. Road ecology studies have mostly concentrated on areas in the northern hemisphere despite the potentially greater impact of roads on biodiversity in tropical habitats. Here, we examine 4 years (January 2016–December 2019) of opportunistic observations of mammalian roadkill along a road intersecting Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, Unguja, Zanzibar. In particular, we assess the impact of collisions on the population of an endemic primate, the Endangered Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii. Primates accounted for the majority of roadkill in this dataset. Monthly rainfall was not associated with roadkill frequency for mammals generally, nor for the Zanzibar red colobus. No single age–sex class of colobus was found dead more often than expected given their occurrence in the local population. The overall effect of roadkill on colobus populations in habitats fragmented by roads is unknown given the lack of accurate, long-term life history data for this species. Our findings suggest that mortality from collisions with vehicles in some groups of colobus is within the range of mortality rates other primates experience under natural predation. Unlike natural predators, however, vehicles do not kill selectively, so their impact on populations may differ. Although a comparison with historical accounts suggests that the installation of speedbumps along the road near the Park's entrance has led to a significant decrease in colobus roadkill, further actions to mitigate the impact of the road could bring substantial conservation benefits.

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An effect of canopy bridges on monkey‐vehicle collision hotspots: Spatial and spatiotemporal analyses

Cunneyworth

Andrášik

Bíl

2023

American J Primatol

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Almost one‐quarter of primate species are reported to be involved in vehicle collisions. To mitigate these collisions, canopy bridges are used though their effectiveness is not broadly substantiated. We studied bridge impact on 23 years of vehicle collisions (2000–2022: N = 765) with colobus (Colobus angolensis palliatus), Sykes' (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis), and vervet (Chlorocebus pygerythrus hilgerti) monkeys in Diani, Kenya. Along a 9 km road, collisions did not decrease over the study duration, although bridges increased from 8 to 30. Using the kernel density estimation plus (KDE+) method, collisions appeared highly concentrated at some locations. These concentrations, called hotspots, represent hazardous road segments, though the hotspots for all three species overlapped for only 3% of the road length. We then inspected the collision hotspots over time, using the spatiotemporal extension of the KDE+ method. We compared hotspot presence in the 3 years before and after bridge installation to determine if bridges mitigated these hotspots. Hotspots disappeared for ~60% of bridges postinstallation, suggesting that bridges effectively reduce some collisions. However, of the bridges installed in locations that were not hotspots, 13% had hotspots emerge. Surprisingly, regardless of preinstallation hotspot occurrence, almost one‐fifth of bridges had postinstallation hotspots. To understand the extent to which bridges mitigate collisions, other factors need consideration, including species attributes and crossing behavior, and road features and vehicle volume. We used the novel analytical method because it best suited our data set, given the challenges of determining the bridge impact zone and the low collision frequency.

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Vehicle Collisions Among Four Species of Monkeys Between 2000 and 2018 on a Suburban Road in Diani, Kenya

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Wildlife is imperiled in peri-urban landscapes: threats to arboreal mammals

Wildlife is imperiled in peri-urban landscapes: threats to arboreal mammals

The implications of vehicle collisions for the Endangered endemic Zanzibar red colobusPiliocolobus kirkii

An effect of canopy bridges on monkey‐vehicle collision hotspots: Spatial and spatiotemporal analyses

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