In recent years, the quality and safety issues of agricultural products on B2C e-commerce platforms in China have become a new threat and concern, drawing widespread attention from the government and the public. This article aims to conduct an in-depth study on the factors influencing the quality and safety of agricultural products sold on B2C e-commerce platforms. First, various indicators are selected to construct a comprehensive indicator system for the factors affecting the quality and safety of agricultural products on B2C e-commerce platforms. Subsequently, factor analysis is applied to the 18 selected indicators using SPSS statistical software to derive a model for the influencing factors of quality and safety for agricultural products on B2C e-commerce platforms. Finally, based on the empirical analysis results, a comprehensive examination is conducted to assess the impact of each factor on the quality and safety of agricultural products on B2C e-commerce platforms. The empirical results indicate that the four major influencing factors, namely, production source, processing and manufacturing, warehousing and transportation, and regulatory measures, all play crucial roles in influencing the quality and safety of agricultural products on B2C e-commerce platforms.