Vehicle Mass and Driver Injury

Grime, G.; Hutchinson, T. P.

doi:10.1080/00140137908924592

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Heavy goods vehicles, because of their large mass in relation to other vehicles, account for a disproportionate share of road accident fatalities. It is the occupants ofother vehicles, and pedestrians, who suffer high rates ofdeath and serious injury rather than the occupants of the H GVs (Gissane andBull 1973, Baker et al 1975, Downloaded by [University of Auckland Library] at 09:07 07 December 2014 Robertson andBaker 1975, Grime andHutchinson 1979). Heavy goods vehicle drivers themselves, however, are particularly at risk in single vehicle accidents where the vehicle either overturns or strikes a large immovable object (Robertson and Baker 1975).…”

Section: Changing Patterns Of Safety and Healthmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Heavy goods vehicle drivers themselves, however, are particularly at risk in single vehicle accidents where the vehicle either overturns or strikes a large immovable object (Robertson and Baker 1975). Grime and Hutchinson (1979) have shown that the mass ratio between vehicles, rather than the mass per se, is a major determinant of driver injury in head-on collisions. This implies that there would be a safety advantage in separating HGVs from other, lighter, types of traffic.…”

Section: Changing Patterns Of Safety and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety and regulations restricting the hours of driving of goods vehicle drivers

McDonald

1981

Ergonomics

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Section: Changing Patterns Of Safety and Healthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Changing Patterns Of Safety and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and regulations restricting the hours of driving of goods vehicle drivers

McDonald

1981

Ergonomics

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“…Likewise, automobile manufacturers responded by supplying these vehicles (both due to the fuel price increases and the implementation of CAFE). Some have argued that vehicle mass is a critical variable in determining the effect on safety from vehicle crashes (Evans & Wasielewski, 1987;Grime & Hutchinson, 1979). However, this data is not readily available at the state level over the desired time-series.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Vehicle Fuel Efficiency and Traffic Fatalities

Noland¹

2004

The Energy Journal

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This paper analyzes the impact of changes in average fuel efficiency on traffic-related fatalities while controlling for other confounding effects. These other effects include population, per capita income, per capita alcohol consumption, existence of safety-belt laws (and safety-belt usage), and age cohorts in the population. State-level time-series data over 24 years is used with a fixed effect negative binomial regression model that accounts for both the distributional properties of accident count data and heterogeneity. Other studies of this issue have not used either panel data in this way nor have they used appropriate statistical methods for count data. Results vary with the selection of the time series used. Overall results suggest that while there may have been an association between fleet fuel efficiency improvements and traffic fatalities in the 1970s, this has largely disappeared. There are suggestions that variance in the composition of the vehicle fleet may have adverse safety impacts.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] The question of how adding mass to an existing car affects safety, however, has remained unanswered. One common way to express this question is "Am I safer if I put bricks in my trunk?"…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The many relations that are reported between fatality risk and car mass [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and between fatality risk and car size 3,9,10,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] cannot distinguish between such causal contributions, because mass and size are so highly correlated. 19 The equation derived expresses the risk to a driver as a function of the size and mass of both involved cars.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal influence of car mass and size on driver fatality risk

Evans

2001

Am J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: This study estimated how adding mass, in the form of a passenger, to a car crashing head-on into another car affects fatality risks to both drivers. The study distinguished the causal roles of mass and size. METHODS: Head-on crashes between 2 cars, one with a right-front passenger and the other with only a driver, were examined with Fatality Analysis Reporting System data. RESULTS: Adding a passenger to a car led to a 14.5% reduction in driver risk ratio (risk to one driver divided by risk to the other). To divide this effect between the individual drivers, the author developed equations that express each driver's risk as a function of causal contributions from the mass and size of both involved cars. Adding a passenger reduced a driver's frontal crash fatality risk by 7.5% but increased the risk to the other driver by 8.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a passenger reduces a driver's frontal crash fatality risk but increases the risk to the driver of the other car. The findings are applicable to some single-car crashes, in which the driver risk decrease is not offset by any increase in harm to others. When all cars carry the same additional cargo, total population risk is reduced.

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Vehicle Mass and Driver Injury

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Safety and regulations restricting the hours of driving of goods vehicle drivers

Safety and regulations restricting the hours of driving of goods vehicle drivers

Motor Vehicle Fuel Efficiency and Traffic Fatalities

Causal influence of car mass and size on driver fatality risk

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