Vehicle System Controls for a Series Hybrid Powertrain

Wang, Qing; Liang, Wei; Kuang, Ming; McGee, Ryan

doi:10.4271/2011-01-0860

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This can be simplified by observing that there are many torque and speed combinations that work out to the same DC output power level, but only one of those points gives the lowest fuel consumption for a given power level. The system can therefore be reduced to one DOF in genset power [14].…”

Section: Architecture Layout Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Design of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Strategy

King

Nelson

2013

SAE Technical Paper Series

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For years the trend in the automotive industry has been toward more complex electronic control systems. The number of electronic control units (ECUs) in vehicles is ever increasing as is the complexity of communication networks among the ECUs. Increasing fuel economy standards and the increasing cost of fuel is driving hybridization and electrification of the automobile. Achieving superior fuel economy with a hybrid powertrain requires an effective and optimized control system. On the other hand, mathematical modeling and simulation tools have become extremely advanced and have turned simulation into a powerful design tool. The combination of increasing control system complexity and simulation technology has led to an industry wide trend toward model based control design.Rather than using models to analyze and validate real world testing data, simulation is now the primary tool used in the design process long before real world testing is possible. Modeling is used in every step from architecture selection to control system validation before on-road testing begins.The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team (HEVT) of Virginia Tech is participating in the 2011-2014 EcoCAR 2 competition in which the team is tasked with re-engineering the powertrain of a GM donated vehicle. The primary goals of the competition are to reduce well to wheels (WTW) petroleum energy use (PEU) and reduce WTW greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria emissions while maintaining performance, safety, and consumer acceptability. This paper will present systematic methodology for using model based design techniques for architecture selection, control system design, control strategy optimization, and controller validation to meet the goals of the competition. Simple energy management and efficiency analysis will form the primary basis of architecture selection. Using a novel method, a series-parallel powertrain architecture is selected. The control system architecture and requirements is defined using a systematic approach based around the interactions between control units. Vehicle communication networks are designed to facilitate efficient data flow. Software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation with Mathworks Simulink is used to refine a control strategy to maximize fuel economy. Finally hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing on a dSPACE HIL simulator is demonstrated for performance improvements, as well as for safety critical controller validation. The end product of this design study is a control system that has reached a high level of parameter optimization and validation ready for on-road testing in a vehicle.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Section: Architecture Layout Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Design of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Strategy

King

Nelson

2013

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…With a more complex model, more degrees of freedom can be introduced and strategies can be used to optimize the operation of the vehicle [14]. When restricting operation to simplified, rulebased decision making, these degrees of freedom are reduced necessitating assumptions to be made to still allow for accurate modeling.…”

Section: Assumptions and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper, published by Wang of the Ford Motor Company in 2011, discusses a Series configuration for an HEV [14]. Although the overall setup of this architecture is quite well known, Wang focuses on developing the controls architecture design and optimization with a "Model-in-the-Loop" approach for increased fuel efficiency.…”

Section: Wang: On Controls For a Series Hybrid Powertrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis

White

Nelson

Manning

2015

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Throughout the past several years, a major push has been made for the automotive industry to provide vehicles with lower environmental impacts while maintaining safety, performance, and overall appeal. Various legislation has been put into place to establish guidelines for these improvements and serve as a challenge for automakers all over the world. In light of these changes, hybrid technologies have been growing immensely on the market today as customers are seeing the benefits with lower fuel consumption and higher efficiency vehicles. With the need for hybrids rising, it is vital for the engineers of this age to understand the importance of advanced vehicle technologies and learn how and why these vehicles can change the world as we know it. To help in the education process, this thesis seeks to define a powertrain model created and developed to help users understand the basics behind hybrid vehicles and the effects of these advanced technologies.One of the main goals of this research is to maintain a simplified approach to model development. There are very complex vehicle simulation models in the market today, however these can be hard to manipulate and even more difficult to understand. The 1 Hz model described within this work aims to allow energy to be simply and understandable traced through a hybrid powertrain. Through the use of a "backwards" energy tracking method, demand for a drive cycle is found using a drive cycle and vehicle parameters. This demand is then used to determine what amount of energy would be required at each component within the powertrain all the way from the wheels to the fuel source, taking into account component losses and accessory loads on the vehicle.Various energy management strategies are developed and explained including controls for regenerative braking, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Thermostatic and Load-following Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles. These strategies can be easily compared and manipulated to understand the tradeoffs and limitations of each. After validating this model, several studies are completed. First, an example of using this model to design a hybrid powertrain is conducted. This study moves from defining system requirements to component selection, and then finding the best powertrain to accomplish the given constraints. Next, a parameter known as Power Split Fraction is studied to provide insight on how it affects overall powertrain efficiency. Since the goal with advanced vehicle powertrains is to increase overall system efficiency and reduce overall energy consumption, it is important to understand how all of the factors involved affect the system as a whole. After completing these studies, this thesis moves on to discussing future work which will continue refining this model and making it more applicable for design. Overall, this work seeks to provide an educational tool and aid in the development of the automotive engineers of tomorrow.iii

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“…Figure 2 is an example of such a performance map referencing ICE efficiency of operation as opposed to the fuel consumption rate of Figure 1. Such a mathematical model of ICE predicting real-time efficiency at the operating conditions has not been utilised in the manner demonstrated in this paper [4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel model of internal combustion engine for high efficiency operation of hybrid electric vehicles and power systems

Overington

Rajakaruna

2014

2014 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC)

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This article realizes a novel model of an internal combustion engine (ICE) based on its operating torque and speed for the purpose of designing new control strategies to optimize engine efficiency and performance in hybrid electric vehicles and power systems. The proposed model is developed such that it utilizes only a limited number of experimentally measured operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. Therefore it helps in minimizing the expensive and time consuming testing of the vehicle under a large number of operating conditions in comparison to other models. On the other hand, it is possible to utilise the model to determine a novel control strategy for fuel consumption reduction in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This fuel consumption reduction is achieved through the use of the proposed model to predict the efficiency of operation of the ICE instead of the fuel utilization predicted by conventional models. In order to prove the accuracy of the proposed model, efficiency of operation of six known ICEs have been modelled and compared with three existing models utilizing larger numbers of experimental data. The errors in efficiency in comparison to known data are found to be within a reasonable range. The paper finally demonstrates the possible applications of the proposed model in high efficiency control of ICE in a model of the 2010 Toyota Prius developed using experimental data. The demonstration for the proposed model is in the form of a vehicular system however it is envisaged that this model has applications in hybrid power systems also.

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Vehicle System Controls for a Series Hybrid Powertrain

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Model-Based Design of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Strategy

Model-Based Design of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Strategy

An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis

A novel model of internal combustion engine for high efficiency operation of hybrid electric vehicles and power systems

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