Vehicular storage of hydrogen in insulated pressure vessels

Abstract

This paper describes the development of an alternative technology for storing hydrogen fuel onboard automobiles. Insulated pressure vessels are cryogenic-capable pressure vessels that can accept cryogenic liquid fuel, cryogenic compressed gas or compressed gas at ambient temperature. Insulated pressure vessels offer advantages over conventional H 2 storage approaches. Insulated pressure vessels are more compact and require less carbon fiber than GH 2 vessels. They have lower evaporative losses than LH 2 tanks, and are much lighter than metal hydrides.After outlining the advantages of hydrogen fuel and insulated pressure vessels, the paper describes the experimental and analytical work conducted to verify that insulated pressure vessels can be used safely for vehicular H 2 storage. The paper describes tests that have been conducted to evaluate the safety of insulated pressure vessels. Insulated pressure vessels have successfully completed a series of DOT, ISO and SAE certification tests. A draft procedure for insulated pressure vessel certification has been generated to assist in a future commercialization of this technology. An insulated pressure vessel has been installed in a hydrogen fueled truck and it is currently being subjected to extensive testing.2

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

“…If burned in internal combustion engines, only NO x remains as significant air pollutant emission. Difficulties arise from the storage of hydrogen: energy density of gaseous hydrogen is low by volume, and in liquid form, very low temperatures are needed, which results in a lower overall efficiency and higher costs (Aceves et al, 2006). One of the main obstacles for the broad use of H 2 for transport is the lack of an adequate infrastructure for its distribution and the high costs for implementing it.…”

Novel Applications of Chemical Looping Technologies

“…14,15 Thus, cryogenic tanks with advanced insulation are being developed to overcome the dormancy issues. 16,17 In particular, a high -pressure vessel, lined with aluminum and equipped with a composite outer wrap, a multilayer vacuum insulation, and an outer vacuum vessel, has been tested extensively and implemented in a demonstration vehicle. 16,17 This vehicle can be fueled using either compressed hydrogen gas or liquid hydrogen depending on the desired driving distance.…”

“…16,17 In particular, a high -pressure vessel, lined with aluminum and equipped with a composite outer wrap, a multilayer vacuum insulation, and an outer vacuum vessel, has been tested extensively and implemented in a demonstration vehicle. 16,17 This vehicle can be fueled using either compressed hydrogen gas or liquid hydrogen depending on the desired driving distance. 13 A hybrid hydrogen tank is a relatively new idea consisting of a typical compressed hydrogen tank that is fi lled partially with low -temperature reversible hydrogen absorbing alloys.…”

Determination of Residuals Stresses Induced by the Autofrettage Treatment by the X-Rays Diffraction Method

“…In other case, some additional treatments are added after the manufacture process in the specific object to produce some repressive residual stresses beneficial to the most critical structure places. It is now established that the majority of the fatigue failings can be avoided by compressive efforts [3].…”