Velar–vowel coarticulation in a virtual target model of stop production

Frisch, Stefan A.; Wodzinski, Sylvie M.

doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2016.01.001

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In a study of adult productions, using locus equations derived from acoustic, electromagnetic articulography and X-ray microbeam data, Iskarous et al (2010) concluded that locus equations capture "the advancement of the tongue back to help the tongue tip" (p. 2029) during alveolar consonant production. Thus, alveolar consonants have a reduced potential for vowel-related coarticulation, compared with labials, which in many languages have no specific constraint on the tongue (e.g., Sussman et al, 1993;Recasens et al, 1997), and with velars, which can have substantial adjustment of the tongue in the horizontal plane, to accommodate to the vowel influence (e.g., Fowler & Brancazio, 2000;Recasens & Espinosa, 2009;Frisch & Wodzinski, 2016). Noiray et al (2013) concluded that children by 4-5-years old have learned the articulator synergy between the tip and back of the tongue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voiceless alveolar stop coarticulation in typically developing 5-year-olds and 13-year-olds

Zharkova

2017

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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In this study, vowel-on-consonant lingual coarticulation at [t] closure offset was compared in 5-year-old children and 13-year-old adolescents. The study aimed to establish whether, by the end of the closure, children from the younger age group adjust the tongue shape to the following vowels to the same extent as adolescents. Ten 5-year-olds and ten 13-year-olds, all speakers of Scottish Standard English, produced [t]-vowel syllables with the vowels [i] and [a], in a carrier phrase. Measures of tongue shape based on midsagittal ultrasound imaging data were used to compare anticipatory coarticulation and within-speaker variability across groups. Both age groups changed the extent of tongue dorsum bunching in order to coarticulate the consonant with the following vowels. The 5-year-old children, unlike the adolescents, did not consistently modify the bunching location within the tongue curve to accommodate the tongue shape to that of the upcoming vowel. Token-to-token variability was significantly greater in the younger age group. The results suggest that vowel-on-[t] coarticulatory patterns produced by typically developing children are affected by the development of motor control, with articulatory constraints on the tongue limiting the extent of lingual coarticulation in 5-year-old children. The findings on typical coarticulation development are relevant for clinical practice, and they highlight the need for more detailed descriptions of how phonetic characteristics of speech sounds affect coarticulation throughout childhood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voiceless alveolar stop coarticulation in typically developing 5-year-olds and 13-year-olds

Zharkova

2017

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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“…We also hypothesized that the norms would differ by vowel context due to coarticulatory effects. We, therefore, expected a larger difference between alveolars and velars in low or back vowel contexts than in a high, front vowel context where velars are normally fronted toward the palatal region (Frisch & Wodzinski, 2016).…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 96%

The Dorsal Differentiation of Velar From Alveolar Stops in Typically Developing Children and Children With Persistent Velar Fronting

Cleland

Scobbie

2021

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose This study has two key aims: first, to provide developmental articulatory norms for the alveolar–velar distinction in 30 English-speaking typically developing (TD) children; second, to illustrate the utility of the reported measures for classifying and quantifying the speech of children with a history of persistent velar fronting as they develop the contrast longitudinally. Method This study involved secondary data analysis of the UltraSuite corpus comprising ultrasound tongue imaging recordings of speech materials from 30 typical children and longitudinal data from five children with persistent velar fronting undergoing ultrasound visual biofeedback intervention. We present two new measures of coronal dorsal differentiation: KTMax and KT crescent area. These measures distinguish /k/ and /t/ by quantifying the magnitude of this distinction in absolute spatial terms (mm of linear dorsal difference). For the typical children, we report these measures in corner vowel contexts. We then compare these to dorsal productions by the children with speech disorders, before, during, and after intervention. Results Both measures reliably distinguished /k/ and /t/ in TD children. There was an effect of vowel, with larger KTmax and KT crescent area in /a/ and /o/ vowel contexts than in an /i/ context. The children with persistent velar fronting showed KTmax values near zero before intervention, showing a complete merger between /k/ and /t/. During intervention, they showed variable KTmax values. Post intervention, they showed values within the range of typical children. Conclusions This study provides articulatory norms derived from ultrasound tongue imaging for the dorsal differentiation in alveolar and velar stops in TD children. By applying these norms to children with persistent velar fronting as they acquire this contrast, we see that /k/ is acquired in an articulatorily gradient manner.

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“…Each token was inspected manually to confirm that Praat's formant tracking was accurate. Where it was not, the formant tracking settings were adjusted to obtain an accurate automatic measurement, following the methodology used by Frisch & Wodzinski (2016).…”

Section: Consonant Length and Syllabicitymentioning

confidence: 99%