Velocity and time of concentration of a basin – A renewed approach applied in the Rio Grande Basin, Ecuador

Sandoval-Erazo, W.; Toulkeridis, Theofilos; Rodríguez-Espinosa, Fabián; Mora, María José Merizalde

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/191/1/012117

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, a time lag parameter (TL) which is calculated based on the concentration time (Tc) is needed. Tc is calculated according to the formula1 [12]. Tc = 0.066(L/√S)*0.64.......... (1) Where Tc is the time of concentration (minutes), L is the length of the runoff path (meters), and S is the slope of the sub-watershed.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Potential Mapping to Generate Micro-Hydro Power in Code River

Hadi,

Suarma,

Sumunar

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Fossil fuel energy utilization in Indonesia is consider high consisting of 65% coal sources and 20% fuel, while only 15% are generate from new and renewable energy sources. This number is critical due to the commitment to reduce greenhouse gases by 29% or 41% as declared Glasgow in 2021. Alternatives source of energy could be obtained from solar, wind, and water. The energy generate from those sources are consider intermittent, however, water utilization can be optimized by construct several weirs (small-scale reservoirs) to accumulate the rain water as a kinetic energy source to generate electricity. Only some part of the world, especially tropical Indonesia archipelago, has enough rain to generate energy. This research intends to measure the potency of Code River, representing small river in generating micro-hydro power. The Code River is representing a small river on the island of Java as part of the archipelago in Indonesia which has the characteristics of a river, a small water catchment area, and has high discharge input from rainfall because it is in the tropics. The weir is equipped with a penstock pipe, as water intake to the generator. The pipe inner diameter made of high-density polyethylene material can be 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 800, 1,000 and 1,600 mm. Each pipe size can produce discharges of 0.42, 0.75, 1.62, 2.1, 3.1, 3.5, 6.0 and 24.0 m3/s respectively. The combination of discharge and head height will produce electrical energy (in watts). Based on hydrological modelling consisting of 52 sub-watersheds, the highest electricity production in 2021 is 8,359,218.3 kWh with 800 mm pipe size (3.5 m3/sec discharge). The electricity production is based on reliable discharge between 7-96% which is different for each weir location. In conclusion, the electricity supply for the whole year (100%) is inadequate

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Potential Mapping to Generate Micro-Hydro Power in Code River

Hadi,

Suarma,

Sumunar

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The development of an equation based on local or regional data is always preferable. Manoj and Fang [24], Yoo et al [25], De Almeida et al [26], Sandoval-Erazo et al [27], Michailidi et al [9], and Perdikaris et al [10] are examples of studies conducted to derive equations based on local available information. Unfortunately, in ungauged areas, there is no other option but to use existing empirical Tc equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of Colombia, this seems to be the reason that Invías [41] (pp. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and MinVivienda [42,43] recommend, respectively, fifteen (Kirpich, Témez, Williams, Johnstone-Cross, Giandotti, California culvert practice, Ventura-Heras, V.T. Chow, Kerby-Hathaway, Izzard, U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), kinematic wave, NRCS lag equation, George Rivero, and NRCS velocity method for shallow concentrated flow) and three empirical equations (Kerby-Hathaway, FAA, and NRCS velocity method for shallow concentrated flow).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Performance of Different Time of Concentration Equations in Urban Ungauged Watersheds: Case Study of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

et al. 2020

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In ungauged watersheds, the estimation of the time of concentration (Tc) is always a challenging task due to the intrinsic uncertainty involved when making assumptions. Given that Tc is one of the main inputs in a hydrological analysis for the design of hydraulic structures for stormwater management, ten equations (including one proposed in several local studies) and two Tc methodologies (overland flow time plus channel flow time) were used to compute the Tc in fifteen urban ungauged watersheds, located in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia), with different area sizes and slopes to statistically assess their performance against the value obtained via the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) velocity method (assumed to be the true value). According to the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index, none of the equations proved to be reliable in all watersheds as only four equations predicted the Tc value in 53% of the cases. In addition, based on the percent bias, all equations tended to significantly over- or underestimate the Tc, which affects the quantification of the runoff volume necessary for, among others, the implementation of best management practices for watershed management (e.g., conventional and/or sustainable drainage system design), flood-prone area delineation and flood risk analyses, urban planning, and stream restoration.

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