Velocity-encoded cine MRI in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function: Measurement of mitral valve and pulmonary vein flow velocities and flow volume across the mitral valve

Aerobic Exercise Training as a Potential Cardioprotective Strategy to Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

“…In the normal heart, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protects cardiac cells from perturbations in energy homeostasis via activation of catabolic pathways to generate ATP. DOX reduces the levels of AMPK and its basic activation state, leading to decreased phosphorylation of antiacetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), an AMPK downstream target [39][40][41][42][43]. Lack of ACC inhibition results in impairment of fatty acid oxidation.…”

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Valvular Heart Disease

“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In patients with mitral stenosis, inflow velocities as assessed by Doppler echocardiography and CMR phasecontrast imaging correlate well (Table 3). 23,[32][33][34][35][36][37] If not stated in the publication, statistics were calculated from the data provided in the manuscript. If this was not performed or data were not provided, a designation of "not available" (...) was given.…”

Doppler Echocardiography

“…Although CMR is known as the modality of choice for the evaluation of global LV function [20,21], systolic function and myocardial viability [22,23], Doppler echocardiography remains the clinical reference for the evaluationo fd i a s t o l i cd y s f u n c t i o n [4,24,25]. Several CMR studies, based on volume variation curves extracted from cine images [26][27][28][29] or on velocity and flow rate curves extracted from PC images [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], reported capabilities of this modality for the assessment of diastolic function. However, despite these methodological developments and the recent technological improvements in PC-CMR sequences, the use of CMR in clinical evaluation of diastolic function remains limited because of the lack of automated methods designed for the analysis of PC images.…”

“…However, despite these methodological developments and the recent technological improvements in PC-CMR sequences, the use of CMR in clinical evaluation of diastolic function remains limited because of the lack of automated methods designed for the analysis of PC images. Indeed, most of the PC-CMR studies previously presented in the literature were based on manual positioning of ROIs on each phase of the cardiac cycle [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. This manual positioning is time-consuming [30] and subjective [8], leading to inter-and intra-operator variability, as reflected by the previously reported variability coefficient of 10% [31].…”

“…Furthermore, several studies demonstrated the usefulness of phase-contrast (PC) CMR in the measurement of some of the aforementioned conventional diastolic parameters [6][7][8]. However, these analyses were mostly based on manual positioning of regions of interest (ROIs) within the transmitral flow area or the myocardium on multiple phases [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. This manual positioning of ROIs is time-consuming and operator-dependent.…”