Velocity-resolved Reverberation Mapping of Five Bright Seyfert 1 Galaxies

Rosa, Gisella De; Fausnaugh, Michael; Grier, C. J.; Peterson, B. M.; Denney, K. D.; Horne, K.; Bentz, Misty C.; Ciroi, S.; Bontà, E. Dalla; Joner, M. D.; Kaspi, S.; Kochanek, C. S.; Pogge, Richard W.; Сергеев, С. Г.; Vestergaard, M.; Adams, S. M.; Antognini, Joseph M.; Salvo, C. Araya; Armstrong, Eve; Bae, Jaehan; Barth, Aaron J.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Bhattacharjee, Anirban; Borman, G. A.; Boroson, Todd A.; Bottorff, M. C.; Brown, J. E.; Brown, J. S.; Brotherton, Michael S.; Coker, Carl T.; Clanton, Christian; Cracco, V.; Crawford, S.; Croxall, K. V.; Eftekharzadeh, Sarah; Eracleous, Michael; Fiorenza, Stephanie; Frassati, A.; Hawkins, Keith; Henderson, Calen B.; Holoien, T. W. S.; Hutchison, Taylor A.; Kellar, J.; Kilerci, Ece; Kim, Stacy; King, A.; Mura, G. La; Laney, C. D.; Li, M.; Lochhaas, Cassandra; Ma, Zhiyuan; MacInnis, F.; Manne-Nicholas, E. R.; Mason, M.; McGraw, Sean; Mogren, K.; Montouri, C.; Moody, J. W.; Mosquera, A. M.; Mudd, D.; Musso, R.; Назаров, С. В.; Nguyen, M. L.; Ochner, P.; Okhmat, D. N.; Onken, Christopher A.; Ou-Yang, B.; Pancoast, Anna; Pei, L.; Penny, Matthew T.; Poleski, R.; Portaluri, Elisa; Prieto, J. L.; Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Pulatova, N. G.; Rafter, Stephen E.; Roettenbacher, Rachael M.; Romero-Colmenero, E.; Runnoe, Jessie C.; Schimoia, J. S.; Shappee, B. J.; Sherf, N.; Simonian, G.; Siviero, A.; Skowron, D. M.; Skowron, J.; Somers, Garrett; Spencer, M.; Starkey, D.; Stevens, Daniel J.; Stoll, R.; Tamajo, E.; Tayar, Jamie; Saders, Jennifer L. van; Valenti, S.; Villanueva, Steven; Villforth, C.; Weiss, Y.; Winkler, Hartmut; Zastrow, J.; Zhu, Wei; Zu, Ying

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadd11

Cited by 85 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…It is a face-on spiral galaxy at a distance of between Article number, page 1 of 7 arXiv:2004.01308v2 [astro-ph.GA] 9 Apr 2020 D ≈38 Mpc and 66 Mpc 1 . NGC 3516 has previously been the subject of several optical monitoring campaigns (e.g., Lyutyi & Doroshenko 1993;Wanders et al 1993;Wanders & Horne 1994;Maoz et al 2002;Noda et al 2016;De Rosa et al 2018;Shapovalova et al 2019, etc. ), which showed that the object is variable on short and long timescales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), which showed that the object is variable on short and long timescales. Reverberation mapping analysis showed that the Balmer lines respond with a delay of ∼10-15 days to the continuum variations (Wanders et al 1993;De Rosa et al 2018;Shapovalova et al 2019) with even shorter delays in the line wings (De Rosa et al 2018). NGC 3516 was recently confirmed to be an optical CL AGN as a result of a long-term (∼22 years, 1996-2018) optical monitoring campaign (Shapovalova et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been in a low-activity state in the optical since 2013, with some rebrightening occurring at the end of 2015 until the beginning of 2016, after which it remained in a dormant state. For NGC 3516, it is well known that the broad emission lines show complex, multicomponent profiles, indicating complex kinematics of the BLR, with evidence of outflowing, infalling, and a disk-like emitting region that mostly contributes to the line wings (e.g., Popović et al 2002;Denney et al 2010;Storchi-Bergmann et al 2017;De Rosa et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A flare in the optical spotted in the changing-look Seyfert NGC 3516

Ilić

Tsygankov

Belinski

et al. 2020

A&A

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Context. We present observations from the short-term intensive optical campaign (from September 2019 to January 2020) of the changing-look Seyfert NGC 3516. This active galactic nucleus is known to have strong optical variability and has changed its type in the past. It has been in the low-activity state in the optical since 2013, with some rebrightening from the end of 2015 to the beginning of 2016, after which it remained dormant. Aims. We aim to study the photometric and spectral variability of NGC 3516 from the new observations in U-and B-bands and examine the profiles of the optical broad emission lines in order to demonstrate that this object may be entering a new state of activity. Methods. NGC 3516 has been monitored intensively for the past 4 months with an automated telescope in U and B filters, enabling accurate photometry of 0.01 precision. Spectral observations were triggered when an increase in brightness was spotted. We support our analysis of past-episodes of violent variability with the UV and X-ray long-term light curves constructed from the archival Swift/UVOT and Swift/XRT data.Results. An increase of the photometric magnitude is seen in both U and B filters to a maximum amplitude of 0.25 mag and 0.11 mag, respectively. During the flare, we observe stronger forbidden high-ionization iron lines ([Fe vii] and [Fe x]) than reported before, as well as the complex broad Hα and Hβ lines. This is especially seen in Hα, which appears to be double-peaked. It seems that a very broad component of ∼10,000 km s −1 in width in the Balmer lines is appearing. The trends in the optical, UV, and X-ray light curves are similar, with the amplitudes of variability being significantly larger in the case of UV and X-ray bands. Conclusions. The increase of the continuum emission, the variability of the coronal lines, and the very broad component in the Balmer lines may indicate that the AGN of NGC 3516 is finally leaving the low-activity state in which it has been for the last ∼3 years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A flare in the optical spotted in the changing-look Seyfert NGC 3516

Ilić

Tsygankov

Belinski

et al. 2020

A&A

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“…In the past thirty years, reverberation mapping (RM; Bahcall et al 1972;Blandford & McKee 1982) has been extensively adopted to investigate the kinematics of the broadline region (BLR) and measure the mass of accreting supermassive black hole (BH) in active galactic nuclei (AGN). BH masses of ∼100 AGNs have been measured by different RM campaigns (e.g., Peterson et al 1993bPeterson et al , 1998Kaspi et al 2000;Peterson et al 2004;Denney et al 2009bDenney et al , 2010Bentz et al 2007Bentz et al , 2009bBentz et al , 2010Bentz et al , 2013Barth et al 2011a,b;Peterson 2014;Du et al 2015;Grier et al 2017;Du et al 2018;De Rosa et al 2018). Canonical Radius−Luminosity relationship is constructed from these RM campaigns (Peterson et al 1993b;Wandel et al 1999;Kaspi et al 2000;Bentz et al 2013), which provides an indirect way to estimate BH mass from single spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to find the physics of this scatter studying the long-term variation of the BLR by repeated RM-campaign (Peterson et al 2002;Lu et al 2016). The kinematic structures of the BLR for ∼20 AGNs have been probed using velocity-resolved RM (e.g., Denney et al 2009aDenney et al , 2010Bentz et al 2009bBentz et al , 2010Barth et al 2011a,b;Grier et al 2013;Du et al 2016;Lu et al 2016;Pei et al 2017;De Rosa et al 2018;Zhang et al 2019). They usu-ally include virialized disk, inflow, and outflow (Bentz et al 2009b;Grier et al 2013), but physical origins of inflow and outflow remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Galactic Nuclei with Ultrafast Outflows Monitoring Project: The Broad-line Region of Mrk 79 as a Disk Wind

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2019

ApJ

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We developed a spectroscopic monitoring project to investigate the kinematics of the broad-line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) with ultra-fast outflows (UFOs). Mrk 79 is a radio-quiet AGN with UFOs and warm absorbers, had been monitored by three reverberation mapping (RM) campaigns, but its BLR kinematics is not understood yet. In this paper, we report the results from a new RM-campaign of Mrk 79, which was undertaken by Lijiang 2.4-m telescope. Mrk 79 is seeming to come out the faint state, the mean flux approximates a magnitude fainter than historical record. We successfully measured the lags of the broad emission lines including Hβ λ4861, Hγ λ4340, He II λ4686 and He I λ5876 with respect to the varying AGN continuum. Based on the broad Hβ λ4861 line, we measured black hole (BH) mass of M • = 5.13 +1.57 −1.55 ×10 7 M ⊙ , estimated accretion rates ofṀ • = (0.05 ± 0.02) L Edd c −2 , indicating that Mrk 79 is a sub-Eddington accretor. We found that Mrk 79 deviates from the canonical Radius−Luminosity relationship. The marginal blueshift of the broad He II λ4686 line detected from rms spectrum indicates outflow of high-ionization gas. The velocity-resolved lag profiles of the broad Hγ λ4340, Hβ λ4861, and He I λ5876 lines show similar signatures that the largest lag occurs in the red wing of the lines then the lag decreases to both sides. These signatures should suggest that the BLR of Keplerian motion probably exists the outflow gas motion. All findings including UFOs, warm absorbers, and the kinematics of high-and low-ionization BLR, may provide an indirect evidence that the BLR of Mrk 79 probably originates from disk wind.

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Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei: From X-ray corona to dusty torus

2021

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Summary The central engines of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are powered by accreting supermassive black holes, and while AGNs are known to play an important role in galaxy evolution, the key physical processes occur on scales that are too small to be resolved spatially (aside from a few exceptional cases). Reverberation mapping is a powerful technique that overcomes this limitation by using echoes of light to determine the geometry and kinematics of the central regions. Variable ionizing radiation from close to the black hole drives correlated variability in surrounding gas/dust but with a time delay due to the light travel time between the regions, allowing reverberation mapping to effectively replace spatial resolution with time resolution. Reverberation mapping is used to measure black hole masses and to probe the innermost X-ray emitting region, the UV/optical accretion disk, the broad emission line region, and the dusty torus. In this article, we provide an overview of the technique and its varied applications.

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Velocity-resolved Reverberation Mapping of Five Bright Seyfert 1 Galaxies

Cited by 85 publications

References 110 publications

A flare in the optical spotted in the changing-look Seyfert NGC 3516

A flare in the optical spotted in the changing-look Seyfert NGC 3516

Active Galactic Nuclei with Ultrafast Outflows Monitoring Project: The Broad-line Region of Mrk 79 as a Disk Wind

Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei: From X-ray corona to dusty torus

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