Velocity-Specific and Mode-Specific Effects of Eccentric Isokinetic Training of the Hamstrings

Ryan, Lisa; Magidow, Pamela S.; Duncan, Pamela W.

doi:10.2519/jospt.1991.13.1.33

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A further interesting observation was that the gains in eccentric peak torque with NHE training occurred independent of the training velocity. These findings are consistent with other reports in the literature (Duncan et al, 1989;Ryan et al, 1991;Paddon-Jones et al, 2001;Shepstone et al, 2005) and suggest that although the NHE is performed at low velocity, training results in adaptations that are transferable to high velocity movements. As hamstrings strain injuries are typically incurred during high velocity actions, these observations have clear implications for injury prevention and rehabilitation; the adaptation to eccentric-based resistance training may confer protection against stretch forces during high velocity lengthening actions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

‘Nordic’ Hamstrings Exercise – Engagement Characteristics and Training Responses

et al. 2012

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The present study examined the neuromuscular activation characteristics of the hamstrings during the ?Nordic? hamstrings exercise (NHE) and changes in the eccentric strength of the knee flexors with NHE training. Initially, the normalised root mean square electromyographic (EMG) activity of the hamstrings of both limbs during various phases (90?61?, 60?31? and 30?0? of knee extension) of the NHE were determined in 18 soccer players. Subsequently participants were randomly allocated to either a training (n=10) or control group. The isokinetic eccentric peak torques of the dominant and non-dominant limbs were recorded at 60, 120 and 240?/s pre- and post-training. The EMG values of both limbs were comparable (P=0.184) and greater EMG activity was recorded at more extended knee positions of the NHE (P=0.001). 4 weeks of NHE training significantly improved peak torque by up to 21% in all assessment conditions. Data indicate the hamstrings of both limbs are engaged identically during the NHE and training results in gains in the eccentric peak torque of the hamstrings of both limbs; these gains may augment the force that the hamstrings can withstand when forcefully stretched, attenuating injury risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

‘Nordic’ Hamstrings Exercise – Engagement Characteristics and Training Responses

et al. 2012

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“…The lack of specificity to velocity in the trained limb of the fast-training group is consistent with previous studies that found that high velocity training, especially with eccentric contractions, results in strength gains in the trained limb at the training velocity and also at lower velocities (Duncan et al 1989;Ryan et al 1991;Paddon-Jones et al 2001). The specificity to velocity in the untrained limb of the fast-training group was contrary to our original hypothesis, which was based on observations of lack of specificity in trained limbs (Duncan et al 1989;Ryan et al 1991;Paddon-Jones et al 2001). The differences in specificity of training for the trained versus untrained limbs suggests that there may be differences in neural mechanisms involved in strength gains in the trained and untrained limbs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…For example, when training at fast velocities [120-300°s -1 (2.09-5.2 rad s -1 )] increases in torque in the trained limb are often evident at lower velocities, in addition to the training velocity (Coyle et al 1981;. This is especially evident during eccentric training (Duncan et al 1989;Ryan et al 1991;Paddon-Jones et al 2001). It is not known if this lack of specificity at high velocities is also evident in the untrained limb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The effect of eccentric training at different velocities on cross-education

Farthing

Chilibeck

2003

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether cross-education, defined as the increase in strength of an untrained limb after training of the contralateral homologous limb, is specific to low and high velocity eccentric training. Twenty-six subjects were randomized into two groups ( n=13 each) that performed unilateral eccentric training of the elbow flexors on an isokinetic dynamometer at velocities of either 30 degrees s(-1) (0.52 rad s(-1)) or 180 degrees s(-1) (3.14 rad s(-1 )). Subjects trained three times per week for 8 weeks. Ten subjects served as controls and did not train. Subjects were tested before and after training for peak torque of the elbow flexors during eccentric and concentric contractions at 30 degrees s(-1) and 180 degrees s(-1). Eccentric peak torque at the velocity of 180 degrees s(-1) in the untrained arm increased only for the group that trained at that velocity (P<0.05). There were no other changes in untrained arms for any of the groups at velocities of 30 degrees s(-1) or 180 degrees s(-1). For the trained arm, the increase in eccentric torque (pooled over velocities) was greatest for the group training at 180 degrees s(-1), whereas the increase in concentric torque was similar for the groups training at 30 degrees s(-1) and 180 degrees s(-1). For the trained arm, there was no specificity for velocity or contraction type. We conclude that cross-education was specific to contraction type and velocity when fast (but not slow) eccentric contractions were used during training; whereas there was no specificity of training in the trained arm.

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“…5). Highvelocity training has shown less specificity for strength than low-velocity training in the past (Coyle et al 1981;Bell et al 1992), especially eccentrically (Duncan et al 1989;Ryan et al 1991;Paddon-Jones et al 2001), but specificity of contraction type has been repeatedly shown in previous studies (Tomberlin et al 1991;Higbie et al 1996;Hortoba´ygi et al 1996aHortoba´ygi et al ,b, 1997. The studies that reported specificity to contraction type all used training velocities lower than our training velocity (180°s )1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effects of eccentric and concentric training at different velocities on muscle hypertrophy

Farthing

Chilibeck

2003

European Journal of Applied Physiology

243

172

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of isokinetic eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) training at two velocities [fast, 180 degrees s(-1 )(3.14 rad s(-1)) and slow,30 degrees s(-1)(0.52 rad s(-1))] on muscle hypertrophy. Twenty-four untrained volunteers (age 18-36 years) participated in fast- ( n=13) or slow- ( n=11) velocity training, where they trained one arm eccentrically for 8 weeks followed by CON training of the opposite arm for 8 weeks. Ten subjects served as controls (CNT). Subjects were tested before and after training for elbow flexor muscle thickness by sonography and isokinetic strength (Biodex). Overall, ECC training resulted in greater hypertrophy than CON training (P<0.01). No significant strength or hypertrophy changes occurred in the CNT group. ECC (180 degrees s(-1)) training resulted in greater hypertrophy than CON (180 degrees s(-1)) training and CON (30 degrees s(-1)) training (P<0.01). ECC (30 degrees s(-1)) training resulted in greater hypertrophy than CON (180 degrees s(-1)) training (P<0.05), but not CON (30 degrees s(-1)) training. ECC (180 degrees s(-1)) training resulted in the greatest increases in strength (P<0.01). We conclude that ECC fast training is the most effective for muscle hypertrophy and strength gain.

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Velocity-Specific and Mode-Specific Effects of Eccentric Isokinetic Training of the Hamstrings

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

‘Nordic’ Hamstrings Exercise – Engagement Characteristics and Training Responses

‘Nordic’ Hamstrings Exercise – Engagement Characteristics and Training Responses

The effect of eccentric training at different velocities on cross-education

The effects of eccentric and concentric training at different velocities on muscle hypertrophy

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