Velvetleaf: A Plant with Adverse Impacts on Insect Natural Enemies

Gruenhagen, Ned M.; Perring, Thomas M.

doi:10.1093/ee/28.5.884

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Preference is generally associated with more hirsute plants (Wilson and George, 1986). Similar, but generally opposite patterns have been shown with regard to parasitoid searching behaviors and parasitism on various host plants (Heinz and Parrella, 1994;Kapadia and Puri, 1994;McAuslane et al, 1995;Headrick et al, 1996Headrick et al, , 1997Gruenhagen and Perring, 1999). Additional factors such as degree of leaf glossiness or levels of nitrogen fertilization may also affect the abundance and biology of parasitoids (Bentz et al, 1996;Jackson et al 2000).…”

Section: Other Disruptive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

2001

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Conservation biological control emphasizes the preservation and enhancement of natural enemies and is the cornerstone of all approaches to biological control. This review critically examines recent and current research efforts in conservation biological control by predators and parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci worldwide. A large number of natural enemy species have been identified from many agricultural systems. Further research has demonstrated that these natural enemies may act along with other mortality agents to inflict high levels of mortality on populations of B. tabaci. Less effort has been placed on determining the factors constraining or potentially enhancing biological control. The widespread use of broad-spectrum insecticides in many crops has severely hampered the contribution of predators and parasitoids to pest suppression. However, the arsenal of selective insecticides has grown in the past decade and their increased usage may permit the true integration of biological control into IPM systems. The effects of species interactions (e.g., intraguild predation) and host-plant attributes on disruption of biological control are poorly understood in most systems. Research in the area of habitat manipulation and enhancement is minimal. Very little research has addressed the evaluation of natural enemy effects on B. tabaci population dynamics in any system. As a result our ability to predict and exploit these effects for pest suppression are limited. Problems in estimating and interpreting parasitism are highlighted. Recent life table studies of B. tabaci in Arizona cotton are summarized to demonstrate how integration of natural enemies with use of selective insecticides resulted in the development of an efficient pest management system. Avenues for future research are discussed that may enhance the use of conservation biological control as a key tactic in IPM of B. tabaci. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Section: Other Disruptive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

2001

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“…Furthermore, several studies have clarified differential parasitism of herbivorous hosts on different host plants (Fritz and Kaufman 1993;Le Corff et al 2000;Rott and Godfray 2000; Barbosa et al 2001;Lill et al 2002; Barbosa and Caldas 2004). Host plant properties, such as chemical compounds, trichomes, and glandular hairs, affect the behaviour of parasitoids as well as herbivores (e.g., Turlings and Benrey 1998;Gruenhagen and Perring 1999). Therefore, the effects of host plants on parasitoid community structure and parasitism may be related to parasitoid host searching behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and dynamics of the parasitoid community shared by two herbivore species on different host plants

Sugiura

2010

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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The structure of the parasitoid community on phytophagous insects can be affected by host plant properties, such as chemical compounds, trichomes, and glandular hairs. To clarify effects of host plants on herbivores and the parasitoid community, I examined the structure and dynamics of the parasitoid community associated with two species of Caloptilia moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) that feed on different Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) for 3 years in a temperate secondary forest in central Japan. Caloptilia azaleella had overlapping generations in summer and overwintered as larvae on leaves of R. macrosepalum. Caloptilia leucothoes also had overlapping generations in summer, but it did not overwinter on the deciduous shrub R. reticulatum. The parasitoid community of C. azaleella larvae and pupae was composed of 18 species, whereas that of C. leucothoes was composed of seven species. Five species of parasitoids attacked both Caloptilia species. The most abundant parasitoid, Apanteles cf. xanthostigma (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), more frequently attacked C. azaleella than C. leucothoes larvae. In contrast, another abundant parasitoid, Acrysocharoides sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), more frequently attacked C. leucothoes than C. azaleella larvae. This differential parasitism by the most abundant parasitoid species may be responsible for the differential structure and dynamics of the parasitoid community between the Caloptilia species. The host plant of C. azaleella, R. macrosepalum, more frequently trapped and killed parasitoids (of similar size to Acrysocharoides sp.) on the glandular hairs of leaves than did R. reticulatum. The differential effect of host plants on abundant parasitoids may be related to the differential parasitism by the two abundant parasitoids shared by the herbivore hosts.

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“…This difficulty in locomotion can be further compounded by the presence of sticky exudate associated with many types of glandular trichomes (Elsey 1974;Belcher and Thurston 1982;Obrycki and Tauber 1984). Furthermore, glandular exudate of trichomes can affect natural enemies by reducing their residence time on plants (Obrycki and Tauber 1984;Romeis et al 1999;Lovinger et al 2000), entrapping small-bodied individuals (Obrycki and Tauber 1984;Gruenhagen and Perring 1999), and acting as a toxin (Kennedy 2003). Such findings raise the possibility that the glandular phenotype of D. wrightii may function as a less-desirable substrate to natural enemies than the velvety phenotype, and as a result, herbivorous insects might suffer lower rates of predation on the glandular phenotype-thereby imposing an ecologically based cost of glandular-trichome defense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect cost of a defensive trait: variation in trichome type affects the natural enemies of herbivorous insects on Datura wrightii

Gassmann

Hare

2005

Oecologia

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The costs and benefits of defensive traits in plants can have an ecological component that arises from the effect of defenses on the natural enemies of herbivores. We tested if glandular trichomes in Datura wrightii, a trait that confers resistance to several species of herbivorous insects, impose an ecological cost by decreasing rates of predation by the natural enemies of herbivores. For two common herbivores of D. wrightii, Lema daturaphila and Tupiocoris notatus, several generalized species of natural enemies exhibited lower rates of predation on glandular compared to non-glandular plants. Lower rates of predation were associated with reductions in the residence time and foraging efficiency of natural enemies on plants with glandular trichomes, but not with direct toxic effects of glandular exudate. Our results suggest that the benefit of resistance to herbivores conferred by glandular trichomes might be offset by the detrimental effect of this trait on the natural enemies of herbivores, and that the fitness consequences of this trichome defense might depend on the composition and abundance of the natural-enemy community.

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Velvetleaf: A Plant with Adverse Impacts on Insect Natural Enemies

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

Structure and dynamics of the parasitoid community shared by two herbivore species on different host plants

Indirect cost of a defensive trait: variation in trichome type affects the natural enemies of herbivorous insects on Datura wrightii

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