Vendor differences in anxiety-like behaviors in female and male Sprague Dawley rats

Tsuda, Mumeko C.; Mahdi, Sumayyah; Namchuk, Amanda; Wu, T. John; Lucki, Irwin

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113131

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Testing order and interval between tests are critical decisions when employing multiple tests; testing order is recommended to proceed from least stressful to most stressful. The OFT has been shown to be a relatively non-stressful test (Bodden et al, 2018), and a proper testing order for three unconditioned anxiety tests has been suggested as OFT, LDB, and last, EZM or EPM, with at least a 48-h interval between tests (Tsuda et al, 2020). Employing a combination of conditioned and unconditioned tests has also been suggested (Pentkowski et al, 2021).…”

Section: Use Of Multiple Tests and Alternative Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is simple to perform and requires only basic equipment (Hall, 1934;Lister, 1990;Prut and Belzung, 2003). In the OFT, animals are individually placed in the center of a circular or rectangular/square arena [e.g., 40 cm × 40 cm for mice (Yu et al, 2012;; 100 cm × 100 cm for rats (McAteer et al, 2016;Tsuda et al, 2020)] with walls high enough to prevent escape, and behavior is recorded, typically with automated software. Trial lengths are as short as 2 min and up to an hour (Castanheira et al, 2018).…”

Section: Open Field Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EPM is a plus-shaped apparatus, with two darkened and enclosed (but uncovered) arms and two exposed arms joined by a central square, elevated 50-100 cm above the floor. Compared to the OFT and LDB, the anxiogenic stimulus of the EPM is the absence of walls or thigmotactic cues in the open arms (rather than height) (Treit et al, 1993). Animals are individually placed in the center square, and activity is tracked for 5 min.…”

Section: Elevated Plus Maze and Elevated Zero Mazementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, initial EPM experiments suggested that behavior changed little with repeated exposure to the maze (Pellow et al, 1985;Lister, 1987). Since that time, however, the "one-trial tolerance" phenomenon has been described in which after a first exposure to the EPM, open arm exploration is significantly decreased in rats and mice, and anxiolytic agents are no longer effective at increasing the amount of time in the open arms (File et al, 1990;Rodgers et al, 1992;Rodgers and Shepherd, 1993;Treit et al, 1993;Rodgers, 1998, 1999;Zhou et al, 2015;Bourin, 2019) [but see (Schrader et al, 2018)]. There are multiple proposed explanations for the one-trial tolerance phenomenon, discussion of which goes beyond the scope of this paper [but see (Bourin, 2019) for review].…”

Section: Repeated Testing In Unconditioned Tests Of Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rodent Models of Traumatic Brain Injury

Tucker

McCabe

2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Anxiety is a common complaint following acquired traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the measurement of dysfunctional anxiety behavioral states following experimental TBI in rodents is complex. Some studies report increased anxiety after TBI, whereas others find a decreased anxiety-like state, often described as increased risk-taking behavior or impulsivity. These inconsistencies may reflect a lack of standardization of experimental injury models or of behavioral testing techniques. Here, we review the most commonly employed unconditioned tests of anxiety and discuss them in a context of experimental TBI. Special attention is given to the effects of repeated testing, and consideration of potential sensory and motor confounds in injured rodents. The use of multiple tests and alternative data analysis methods are discussed, as well as the potential for the application of common data elements (CDEs) as a means of providing a format for documentation of experimental details and procedures of each published research report. CDEs may improve the rigor, reproducibility, as well as endpoint for better relating findings with clinical TBI phenotypes and the final goal of translation. While this may not resolve all incongruities in findings across laboratories, it is seen as a way forward for standardized and universal data collection for improvement of data quality and sharing, and advance therapies for neuropsychiatric symptoms that often present for decades following TBI.

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Section: Use Of Multiple Tests and Alternative Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Field Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elevated Plus Maze and Elevated Zero Mazementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Repeated Testing In Unconditioned Tests Of Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rodent Models of Traumatic Brain Injury

Tucker

McCabe

2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Although a reasonable number of studies in the literature has compared the behavior of males and females in these tests, very few have explored the impact of the cycle phases on the female response. The majority of the studies performed either with rats (117)(118)(119)(120)(121)(122)(123) or mice (63, [124][125][126][127][128][129][130] have failed to show sex-differences in this test. In some of these studies direct comparisons among strains (97,131,132) and/or age of the animals (133,134), which are critically-relevant variables, were performed but no sex-related effect was found.…”

Section: Light-dark Transition Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Estrous Cycle on Behavior of Females in Rodent Tests of Anxiety

2021

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Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions e.g., premenstrual syndrome, are menstrual cycle specific. Animal models of fear and anxiety, which form the basis for research into drug treatments, have been developed almost exclusively, using males. There remains a paucity of work using females and the available literature presents a confusing picture. One confound is the estrous cycle in females, which some authors consider, but many do not. Importantly, there are no accepted standardized criteria for defining cycle phase, which is important given the rapidly changing hormonal profile during the 4-day cycle of rodents. Moreover, since many behavioral tests that involve a learning component or that consider extinction of a previously acquired association require several days to complete; the outcome may depend on the phase of the cycle on the days of training as well as on test days. In this article we consider responsiveness of females compared to males in a number of commonly used behavioral tests of anxiety and fear that were developed in male rodents. We conclude that females perform in a qualitatively similar manner to males in most tests although there may be sex and strain differences in sensitivity. Tests based on unconditioned threatening stimuli are significantly influenced by estrous cycle phase with animals displaying increased responsiveness in the late diestrus phase of the cycle (similar to the premenstrual phase in women). Tests that utilize conditioned fear paradigms, which involve a learning component appear to be less impacted by the estrous cycle although sex and cycle-related differences in responding can still be detected. Ethologically-relevant tests appear to have more translational value in females. However, even when sex differences in behavior are not detected, the same outward behavioral response may be mediated by different brain mechanisms. In order to progress basic research in the field of female psychiatry and psychopharmacology, there is a pressing need to validate and standardize experimental protocols for using female animal models of anxiety-related states.

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