Venereal Transmission of Chandipura Virus by Phlebotomus Papatasi (Scopoli)

Mavale, M. S.; Fulmali, P. V.; Geevarghese, G.; Arankalle, Vidya A.; Ghodke, Y. S.; Kanojia, P. C.; Mishra, Akhilesh C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.1151

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, from a vector perspective, the vertical and venereal transmission of arboviruses are possible maintenance mechanisms during inter-epidemic periods in which the virus is maintained in a vector population independent of feeding on viremic animals [30]. Among hematophagous Diptera, the venereal transmission of viruses of human and veterinary importance has been observed with bunyaviruses [31][32][33], flaviviruses [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], rhabdoviruses [42,43], and togaviruses [44,45] in mosquitoes and sand flies. However, no previous studies have reported venereal transmission by Culicoides biting midges for any arbovirus, nor for any insect species with VSV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venereal Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Culicoides sonorensis Midges

2020

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Culicoides sonorensis biting midges are well-known agricultural pests and transmission vectors of arboviruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The epidemiology of VSV is complex and encompasses a broad range of vertebrate hosts, multiple routes of transmission, and diverse vector species. In temperate regions, viruses can overwinter in the absence of infected animals through unknown mechanisms, to reoccur the next year. Non-conventional routes for VSV vector transmission may help explain viral maintenance in midge populations during inter-epidemic periods and times of adverse conditions for bite transmission. In this study, we examined whether VSV could be transmitted venereally between male and female midges. Our results showed that VSV-infected females could venereally transmit virus to uninfected naïve males at a rate as high as 76.3% (RT-qPCR), 31.6% (virus isolation) during the third gonotrophic cycle. Additionally, VSV-infected males could venereally transmit virus to uninfected naïve females at a rate as high as 76.6% (RT-qPCR), 49.2% (virus isolation). Immunofluorescent staining of micro-dissected reproductive organs, immunochemical staining of midge histological sections, examination of internal reproductive organ morphology, and observations of mating behaviors were used to determine relevant anatomical sites for virus location and to hypothesize the potential mechanism for VSV transmission in C. sonorensis midges through copulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venereal Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Culicoides sonorensis Midges

2020

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“…Experimental studies with Phlebotomus papatasi showed their potential not only to replicate the virus but also to transmit the virus through vertical, venereal and horizontal routes2324. The potential of P. papatasi to transmit the virus vertically and venereally points towards maintenance of the virus in nature during non-epidemic periods.…”

Section: Chip Transmission By Sandfliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CHPV is transmitted by Phlebotomine sandflies as evidenced by repeated isolations and their ability to transmit the virus by transovarial and venereal routes232425. Spraying of insecticides could bring down the population drastically.…”

Section: Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing clinical scenario in Chandipura virus infection

Sudeep¹,

Gurav²,

Bondre³

2016

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Chandipura virus (CHPV) (Vesiculovirus: Rhabdoviridae) garnered global attention as an emerging neurotropic pathogen inflicting high mortality in children within 24 h of commencement of symptoms. The 2003-2004 outbreaks in Central India witnessed case fatality rates ranging from 56-75 per cent in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat with typical encephalitic symptoms. Due to the acute sickness and rapid deterioration, the precise mechanism of action of the virus is still unknown. Recent studies have shown increased expression of CHPV phosphoprotein upto 6 h post infection (PI) demonstrating CHPV replication in neuronal cells and the rapid destruction of the cells by apoptosis shed light on the probable mechanism of rapid death in children.Phlebotomine sandflies are implicated as vectors due to their predominance in endemic areas, repeated virus isolations and their ability to transmit the virus by transovarial and venereal routes. Significant contributions have been made in the development of diagnostics and prophylactics, vaccines and antivirals. Two candidate vaccines, viz. a recombinant vaccine and a killed vaccine and siRNAs targeting P and M proteins have been developed and are awaiting clinical trials. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Phlebotomus papatasi cell lines as well as embryonated chicken eggs have been found useful in virus isolation and propagation. Despite these advancements, CHPV has been a major concern in Central India and warrants immediate attention from virologists, neurologists, paediatricians and the government for containing the virus.

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“…This phenomenon has been studied in several vector species and demonstrated in mosquito vectors for bunyaviruses, alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and rhabdoviruses. [14][15][16][17][18][19] However, no information is available for CHIKV venereal transmission in mosquitoes. Our data demonstrating approximately 17% positivity in female mosquitoes when coinhabited with experimentally infected males is an important observation and may have immense epidemiologic significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venereal Transmission of Chikungunya Virus by Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mavale¹,

Parashar²,

Sudeep³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the role of male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the maintenance and transmission of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) to female mosquitoes. We demonstrated that infected male mosquitoes are capable of infecting females during mating. The infection rate in female mosquitoes was 11% when virgin female mosquitoes were allowed to coinhabit with infected males. The body suspension of venereally infected female mosquitoes induced illness in infant Swiss albino mice, which demonstrated the infectivity of the venereally transmitted virus. The presence of CHIKV in the brains of the ill mice was confirmed by a reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction specific for partial sequences of nonstructural protein 4 and envelope 1 genes. In the light of the recent report of transovarial transmission of CHIKV in mosquitoes, although at a lower level, this finding has significance because it may help in transmission of the virus to females venereally to start a new infection cycle.

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Venereal Transmission of Chandipura Virus by Phlebotomus Papatasi (Scopoli)

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Venereal Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Culicoides sonorensis Midges

Venereal Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Culicoides sonorensis Midges

Changing clinical scenario in Chandipura virus infection

Venereal Transmission of Chikungunya Virus by Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

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