“…3 Davies & Higgins (1985) proposed a series of types for CALL programs with certain software examples. In the paper, it can be seen that Davies & Higgins (1985) have identified CALL programs as Gap-filling Exercises ("GapKit" by Camsoft, and "Gapmaster" by Wida), Multiple-choice Exercises ("Choicemaster" by Wida), Free-format Exercises ("CLEF" by Camsoft, and "Testmaster" by Wida), Tutorial Programs ("CLEF" by Camsoft), Re-ordering Programs ("Word Sequencing" by ESM and Camsoft, and "Textsalad" by Wida), Simulations ("Granville" by Cambridge University Press, the "Montevidisco" interactive videodisc (Schneider & Bennion, 1984), Text Mazes ("Mazes" by NCCALL, adapted from Berer & Rinvolucri, 1981), Adventures ("French on the Run" by Gabriel Jacobs, Silversoft), Games ("Vocab" by Vida), Cloze ("Clozewrite" by Camsoft, and "Clozemaster by Wida), Text Manipulation ("Fun With Texts" by Camsoft, and "Storyboard" by Wida), Exploratory Programs ( "S-Ending", v. Higgins & Johns, 1984:71 ff; cited in Davies & Higgins, 1985), and Writing -Word Processing programs.…”