Venipuncture in bats

Eshar, David; Weinberg, Maya

doi:10.1038/laban0610-175

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In conclusion, we demonstrate that CD206 is immunophenotyping circulating monocytes and granulocytes in E. spelaea. Peripheral blood was obtained via venipuncture of the cephalic vein running along the antebrachial membrane of the bat wing 25 . Approximately 50-80 µl of blood was routinely obtained per bat, yielding on average 50,000-80,000 total leukocytes for flow cytometry analysis after RBC lysis.…”

Section: Results Conservation Of Myeloid Cell Markers Between Humans mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotyping monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes in the Pteropodid bat Eonycteris spelaea

Gamage

Zhu

Ahn

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Bats are asymptomatic reservoir hosts for several highly pathogenic viruses. Understanding this enigmatic relationship between bats and emerging zoonotic viruses requires tools and approaches which enable the comparative study of bat immune cell populations and their functions. We show that bat genomes have a conservation of immune marker genes which delineate phagocyte populations in humans, while lacking key mouse surface markers such as Ly6C and Ly6G. Crossreactive antibodies against CD44, CD11b, CD14, MHC II, and CD206 were multiplexed to characterize circulating monocytes, granulocytes, bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and lung alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the cave nectar bat Eonycteris spelaea. Transcriptional profiling of bat monocytes and BMDMs identified additional markers-including MARCO, CD68, CD163, CD172α, and CD88which can be used to further characterize bat myeloid populations. Bat cells often resembled their human counterparts when comparing immune parameters that are divergent between humans and mice, such as the expression patterns of certain immune cell markers. A genome-wide comparison of immune-related genes also revealed a much closer phylogenetic relationship between bats and humans compared to rodents. taken together, this study provides a set of tools and a comparative framework which will be important for unravelling viral disease tolerance mechanisms in bats. Bats, belonging to the order Chiroptera, are the only mammals capable of powered flight. In the mammalian tree, Chiropterans are placed within the super-order Laurasiatheria and their close extant relatives include the carnivores and ungulates 1. Phylogenetic analysis has further classified bats into two suborders-the Yinpterochiroptera which encompass the non-echolocating Old-world fruit bats and one microbat lineage (Rhinolophidae), and the Yangochiroptera which includes the rest of the echolocating microbats 1,2. The cave nectar bat Eonycteris spelaea utilized in this study is a pteropodid bat within the Yinpterochiroptera lineage, and has a broad geographical distribution across South and South East Asia 3. Bats are key ecosystem service providers, acting as pollinators, dispersing fruits and seeds, and controlling insects of agricultural and public health importance 4. Bat species from both suborders are also reservoir hosts to a wide range of highly lethal zoonotic viruses with pathogenic potential in both humans and livestock 5,6. Hence there is a significant interest in understanding the unique host biology responsible for the ability of bats to harbor pathogenic viruses asymptomatically 7. A prevailing theory for the coexistence of bats and viruses is that adapting to physiological stressors associated with the evolution of powered flight necessitated a re-balancing of the chiropteran immune system, with consequent effects on viral disease tolerance and infection-associated immunopathology. In line with this hypothesis, several intracellular sensors capable of detecting endogenously derived danger signals have a re...

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Section: Results Conservation Of Myeloid Cell Markers Between Humans mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotyping monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes in the Pteropodid bat Eonycteris spelaea

Gamage

Zhu

Ahn

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Bat species and sexual characteristics were recorded using the appropriate identification key for Asian bats ( Corbet and Hill, 1992 ; Srinivasulu et al, 2010 ). Blood samples were collected from brachial vein according to the procedure mentioned in another study ( Eshar and Weinberg, 2010 ), and were put onto 125 μl FTA card (Whatman, Merck, Germany). The FTA cards were kept in room temperature (20 °C–25 °C) prior to RNA extraction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection of Japanese encephalitis virus in Megachiropteran bats in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: A potential enzootic transmission pattern in the absence of pig holdings

Diptyanusa

Herini

Indarjulianto

et al. 2021

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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The West Kalimantan province in Borneo island, Indonesia belongs to endemic area of Japanese encephalitis (JE) that accounts for approximately 30% of total cases yearly. As the presence of pig holdings is uncommon in West Kalimantan, another reservoir host might have played a role in the local transmission of JE virus in this area. Current study aimed to identify the potential role of bats in the local transmission of JE by performing molecular detection of JE virus in bats and mosquitoes using RT-PCR. Sample collection was performed in 3 districts in West Kalimantan, covering 3 different ecosystems: forest, coastal, and residential areas. Bat collection was performed using mist net and harp net, while mosquito collection was carried out using animal-baited trap and human landing collection. A total of 373 blood samples from bats were tested for JE virus, among which 21 samples (5.6%) showed positive results, mainly from Cynopterus brachyotis (lesser short-nosed fruit bat) found in residential areas. Out of 53 mosquito pools, 3 JE-positive pools of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. vishnui were collected at the same location as JE-positive bats. Current study showed the first evidence of JE virus detection in several species of Megachiropteran bats in Indonesia, demonstrated the potential role of frugivorous bats in local transmission of JE in West Kalimantan. More aggressive measures are required in JE risk mitigation, particularly in initiating JE vaccination campaign and in avoiding disruption of bats’ natural habitats through changes in land-use.

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“…Parasites were preserved in 90% ethanol and afterwards morphologically identified in the lab using a stereomicroscope (Leica M205C in Switzerland and Nikon SMZ745T in South Africa) based on Theodor's key [89] ( Supplementary Table S1). Blood samples were collected from bats by venipuncture from wing vein or cardiac puncture based on standard sampling protocols [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host conservation through their parasites: molecular surveillance of vector-borne microorganisms in bats using ectoparasitic bat flies

et al. 2020

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Most vertebrates host a wide variety of haematophagous parasites, which may play an important role in the transmission of vector-borne microorganisms to hosts. Surveillance is usually performed by collecting blood and/or tissue samples from vertebrate hosts. There are multiple methods to obtain samples, which can be stored for decades if properly kept. However, blood sampling is considered an invasive method and may possibly be harmful to the sampled individual. In this study, we investigated the use of ectoparasites as a tool to acquire molecular information about the presence and diversity of infectious microorganism in host populations. We tested the presence of three distinct vector-borne microorganisms in both bat blood and bat flies: Bartonella bacteria, malaria-like Polychromophilus sp. (Apicomplexa), and Trypanosoma sp. (Kinetoplastea). We detected the presence of these microorganisms both in bats and in their bat flies, with the exception of Trypanosoma sp. in South African bat flies. Additionally, we found Bartonella sp. in bat flies from one population in Spain, suggesting its presence in the host population even if not detected in bats. Bartonella and Polychromophilus infection showed the highest prevalence in both bat and bat fly populations. Single, co- and triple infections were also frequently present in both. We highlight the use of haematophagous ectoparasites to study the presence of infectious microorganism in host blood and its use as an alternative, less invasive sampling method.

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Venipuncture in bats

Abstract: Though not as common as small rodents in laboratory settings, bats are being increasingly used in research studies. Knowledge of proper blood sampling techniques is essential for care and management of bats.

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Immunophenotyping monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes in the Pteropodid bat Eonycteris spelaea

Immunophenotyping monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes in the Pteropodid bat Eonycteris spelaea

The detection of Japanese encephalitis virus in Megachiropteran bats in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: A potential enzootic transmission pattern in the absence of pig holdings

Host conservation through their parasites: molecular surveillance of vector-borne microorganisms in bats using ectoparasitic bat flies

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