Venous blood gas analytes during isoflurane anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Gardhouse, Sara; Eshar, David; Bello, Nora M.; Mason, Diane

doi:10.2460/javma.247.4.404

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…17 Given their fractious nature, chemical immobilization or general anesthesia is often necessary for examination or diagnostic procedures in prairie dogs. 9,12 Inhalant anesthetic agents are most commonly used in anesthetic protocols; however, few studies evaluate injectable anesthetic agents in this species. 9,12 Isoflurane is an anesthetic gas that is frequently recommended for use in prairie dog anesthesia.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…9,12 Inhalant anesthetic agents are most commonly used in anesthetic protocols; however, few studies evaluate injectable anesthetic agents in this species. 9,12 Isoflurane is an anesthetic gas that is frequently recommended for use in prairie dog anesthesia. 23 Several studies evaluate isoflurane in this species, which is typically delivered via chamber or facemask due to difficulty in performing endotracheal intubation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Several studies evaluate isoflurane in this species, which is typically delivered via chamber or facemask due to difficulty in performing endotracheal intubation. 9,12,22 Inhalant anesthesia administered by facemask or induction chamber creates a significant occupational health concern for veterinary staff due to increased exposure to waste gases. [32][33][34] When equipment is not readily available, such as in the field setting, injectable anesthetic protocols may be desirable.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Dexmedetomidine–Ketamine–Midazolam and Isoflurane for Anesthesia of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Browning

Eshar²,

Beaufrère

2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

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Few studies evaluate anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Isoflurane inhalant anesthesia is used in this species most commonly, but injectable protocols are poorly described. Here we compared the physiologic effects, including anesthetic depth, vital signs, and hematologic changes, of anesthetic protocols using isoflurane or a combination of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and midazolam in black-tailed prairie dogs. In a randomized, complete crossover study design, intact male black-tailed prairie dogs (n = 9; age, 6 mo) were anesthetized by using a combination of dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg/kg IM), ketamine (40 mg/kg IM), and midazolam (1.5 mg/kg IM). For reversal, atipamezole (0.15 mg/kg) and flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg) were administered 45 min after induction. For comparison, isoflurane was administered at 5% in 100% oxygen at 5 L/min in an anesthetic induction chamber, followed by maintenance isoflurane 2% in 2 L/min oxygen through a tightfitting facemask for 45 min. Induction and recovery time, respiratory rate, heart rate, body temperature, SpO 2 , indirect blood pressure, and reflexes were monitored every 5 min during the anesthetic period. Blood samples for venous blood gases, PCV, and refractometric total protein were obtained from the cranial vena cava at 5 min and 45 min. Both protocols appeared to achieve safe and effective anesthesia. Except for blood pressure, all vital signs differed between the 2 treatments. Isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a slightly longer induction and lower respiratory rate and body temperature but increased likelihood of absent reflexes. DKM anesthesia resulted in a faster induction and less hypothermia but also prolonged recovery and lower heart rate and SpO 2 readings. These findings suggest that isoflurane provides a more stable and consistent anesthetic plane, whereas dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam anesthesia may be an effective alternative for short procedures that require fast induction and limited analgesia.

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Comparison of Dexmedetomidine–Ketamine–Midazolam and Isoflurane for Anesthesia of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Browning

Eshar²,

Beaufrère

2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

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“…2,15,18 Chemical immobilization is frequently required for examination and diagnostic testing of prairie dogs, with inhalant anesthetic agents commonly used for anesthesia. 7,11 Isoflurane is a gas anesthetic commonly used in many rodent procedures and has generally been recommended for use in prairie dogs. 7,11 However, a comparative report showed that rodents and other small mammals had a significantly (10% to 22%) higher anesthesia-related mortality rate than other anesthetized species.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…7,11 Isoflurane is a gas anesthetic commonly used in many rodent procedures and has generally been recommended for use in prairie dogs. 7,11 However, a comparative report showed that rodents and other small mammals had a significantly (10% to 22%) higher anesthesia-related mortality rate than other anesthetized species. 4 Changes in T4 concentration (and other thyroid hormones) can lead to unstable anesthesia and increase the associated risks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Plasma Thyroxine Concentrations in Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Eshar

Gardhouse

Beaufrère

2018

j am assoc lab anim sci

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Anesthesia can affect measured thyroxine (total T4) concentrations in humans and animals, but its effect in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) has not yet been studied. We used isoflurane to anesthetize 12 prairie dogs for 60 min. Blood samples were obtained from each animal immediately after anesthesia induction and at 30 and 60 min and used for analysis of plasma T4 concentration. The plasma T4 concentration (mean ± 1 SD) was significantly decreased from baseline (3.49 ± 0.52 μg/dL) at both 30 min (3.24 ± 0.52 μg/dL) and 60 min (3.27 ± 0.65 μg/dL) after induction. Compared with baseline, some of the T4 trends were inconsistent between animals, and individual variability in response was responsible for 86% of the overall variability. Regardless of the observed change under isoflurane anesthesia, all measurements in all prairie dogs and at all time points (2.4 to 4.4 μg/dL) were within the reported normal plasma T4 reference range for this species. In conclusion, isoflurane anesthesia appears to cause a significant but inconsistent reduction in plasma T4 concentrations in black-tailed prairie dogs, but because values remain within normal basal levels, the clinical importance of this effect is likely minimal.

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Plasma amylase and lipase concentrations in captive black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

et al. 2017

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Venous blood gas analytes during isoflurane anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of Dexmedetomidine–Ketamine–Midazolam and Isoflurane for Anesthesia of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Comparison of Dexmedetomidine–Ketamine–Midazolam and Isoflurane for Anesthesia of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Influence of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Plasma Thyroxine Concentrations in Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Plasma amylase and lipase concentrations in captive black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

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