Venous occlusion plethysmography reduces arterial diameter and flow velocity

Hiatt, William R.; Huang, Szu-Wei; Regensteiner, Judith G.; Micco, A. J.; Ishimoto, G.; Manco‐Johnson, M.; Drose, Julia A.; Reeves, J. T.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1989.66.5.2239

Cited by 51 publications

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“…However, it is well documented that dynamic measurements using a strain gauge can be greatly affected by fluid shifts typical of working or exercising limbs (e.g., bone flow, interstitial fluids). 21,58 Such concerns are demonstrated clearly in this study by the large elevation of flow recorded by the strain gauge after the halt of exercise despite rapid local recovery of rBF, r _ VO 2 , THC, and StO 2 measured by DCS/NIRS. Also, the VO protocol with SGVP measurement cannot be done continuously during exercise.…”

Section: Hemodynamic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Hybrid diffuse optical techniques for continuous hemodynamic measurement in gastrocnemius during plantar flexion exercise

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Occlusion calibrations and gating techniques have been recently applied by our laboratory for continuous and absolute diffuse optical measurements of forearm muscle hemodynamics during handgrip exercises. The translation of these techniques from the forearm to the lower limb is the goal of this study as various diseases preferentially affect muscles in the lower extremity. This study adapted a hybrid near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy system with a gating algorithm to continuously quantify hemodynamic responses of medial gastrocnemius during plantar flexion exercises in 10 healthy subjects. The outcomes from optical measurement include oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin concentrations, blood oxygen saturation, and relative changes in blood flow (rBF) and oxygen consumption rate (r _ VO 2 ). We calibrated rBF and r _ VO 2 profiles with absolute baseline values of BF and _ VO 2 obtained by venous and arterial occlusions, respectively. Results from this investigation were comparable to values from similar studies. Additionally, significant correlation was observed between resting local muscle BF measured by the optical technique and whole limb BF measured concurrently by a strain gauge venous plethysmography. The extensive hemodynamic and metabolic profiles during exercise will allow for future comparison studies to investigate the diagnostic value of hybrid technologies in muscles affected by disease.

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Section: Hemodynamic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…57 Many concerns have arisen over the viability of using SGVP to measure BF during or following dynamic exercise protocols. 41,58 SGVP measures the change in limb circumference and thereby calculates the rate of the change during VO as inflowing blood. SGVP assumes that circumference change is caused by BF.…”

Section: Hemodynamic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid diffuse optical techniques for continuous hemodynamic measurement in gastrocnemius during plantar flexion exercise

et al. 2015

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“…A 30% reduction in blood¯ow, measured by 133 Xenon clearance in the tibialis anterior, has been noted following venous occlusion at the thigh to 5.3 kPa (40 mmHg; Henriksen and Sjersen 1977), and this was attributed to a local veni-arteriolar re¯ex. Diameter and¯ow velocity also decreased in the femoral and popliteal arteries when a thigh cu was in¯ated to 5.3 kPa (Hiatt et al 1989), and Sundberg and Kaijser (1992) reported that external compression of the legs of healthy subjects by application of 6.7 kPa (50 mmHg) within a pressure chamber reduced leg blood¯ow by an average of 16% during submaximal cycle exercise. This indicates that a modest restriction to perfusion occurs with venous occlusion, and the results of the present study show that twitch contractions are sensitive to this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Response of the human triceps surae muscle to electrical stimulation during varying levels of blood flow restriction

Cole

Brown

2000

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The changes in muscle force associated with varying degrees of lower-limb ischaemia were investigated. Isometric torque production by the triceps surae muscle was measured during a 5-min continuous train of 2-Hz electrical stimulation in six healthy young adults under different thigh cuff occlusion pressures. The reproducibility of this protocol when performed under complete ischaemia (tested five times over a 2-week period) was assessed as having a coefficient of variation (CV) for fatigue (end/initial force) of [mean (SEM) 12 (1)%; n = 5]. This compares favourably with that obtained for maximum voluntary contraction torque [CV 9 (1)%]. In six subjects, triceps surae muscle fatigue was assessed under thigh cuff pressures of 0, 6.7 kPa (50 mmHg, venous occlusion) and 28 kPa (210 mmHg, complete ischaemia), as well as two intermediate levels of occlusion that were established by cuff pressures of 13.4 (0.5) and 20.3 (1.1) kPa [103 (4) and 152 (8) mmHg, respectively]. These corresponded to ankle-brachial pressure indices of 1.3 and 0.8, respectively when subjects were seated, or 0.8 and 0.36 when supine. With undisturbed lower-leg circulation, force potentiated steadily over the 5 min of stimulation such that the final force was 135 (8)% of the initial value. With complete ischaemia, force fell to 47 (2)% of the initial value. Stimulation under thigh occlusion pressures of 6.7, 13.4 and 20.3 kPa elicited intermediate levels of reduction in force, graded according to the increasing restriction of perfusion. The results show that low-force twitch contractions, which themselves do not occlude blood flow, are extremely sensitive to impaired perfusion and may represent a viable alternative to established methods of muscle performance assessment in patients with blood flow insufficiency.

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“…Therefore, the extent that the strain-gauge plethysmography approach reflects muscle blood flow during the actual performance of exercise has recently been questioned (4). The controversy is further supported by the results of earlier studies that clearly demonstrate that the occlusion pressure required for obtaining the measurement of blood flow using this technique causes a significant reduction in muscle blood flow (5,20).To circumvent the inherent limitations of other techniques, the use of Doppler ultrasound has been used to measure steady-state as well as transient changes in blood flow during exercise with high temporal resolution (18,22,39,48). However, to our knowledge, the application of Doppler techniques to investigate possible sex differences in muscle blood flow has only recently been examined in the leg (36).…”

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

Forearm blood flow follows work rate during submaximal dynamic forearm exercise independent of sex

Gonzales¹,

Thompson²,

Thistlethwaite³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Gonzales JU, Thompson BC, Thistlethwaite JR, Harper AJ, Scheuermann BW. Forearm blood flow follows work rate during submaximal dynamic forearm exercise independent of sex. J Appl Physiol 103: 1950Physiol 103: -1957Physiol 103: , 2007. First published October 11, 2007; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00452.2007.-To test the hypothesis that sex influences forearm blood flow (FBF) during exercise, 15 women and 16 men of similar age [women 24.3 Ϯ 4.0 (SD) vs. men 24.9 Ϯ 4.5 yr] but different forearm muscle strength (women 290.7 Ϯ 44.4 vs. men 509.6 Ϯ 97.8 N; P Ͻ 0.05) performed dynamic handgrip exercise as the same absolute workload was increased in a ramp function (0.25 W/min). Task failure was defined as the inability to maintain contraction rate. Blood pressure and FBF were measured on separate arms during exercise by auscultation and Doppler ultrasound, respectively. Muscle strength was positively correlated with endurance time (r ϭ 0.72, P Ͻ 0.01) such that women had a shorter time to task failure than men (450.5 Ϯ 113.0 vs. 831.3 Ϯ 272.9 s; P Ͻ 0.05). However, the percentage of maximal handgrip strength achieved at task failure was similar between sexes (14% maximum voluntary contraction). FBF was similar between women and men throughout exercise and at task failure (women 13.6 Ϯ 5.3 vs. men 14.5 Ϯ 4.9 ml ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ 100 ml Ϫ1 ). Mean arterial pressure was lower in women at rest and during exercise; thus calculated forearm vascular conductance (FVC) was higher in women during exercise but similar between sexes at task failure (women 0.13 Ϯ 0.05 vs. men 0.11 Ϯ 0.04 ml ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ 100 ml Ϫ1 ⅐ mmHg Ϫ1 ). In conclusion, the similar FBF during exercise was achieved by a higher FVC in the presence of a lower MAP in women than men. Still, FBF remained coupled to work rate (and presumably metabolic demand) during exercise irrespective of sex. sex differences; forearm blood flow; handgrip; vascular conductance DURING TRANSIENT or sustained periods of increased muscle contractile activity, an increase in muscle perfusion must take place to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the active mitochondria as well as to remove metabolic by-products that may lead to muscle fatigue (11). The close coupling between muscle oxygen consumption and blood flow (3, 17) has been used as evidence to suggest that local muscle and/or vascular conditions exert considerable feedback regulation over vascular tone, in addition to the role that sympathetic outflow plays in maintaining mean arterial pressure (46). The matching of muscle perfusion to external work rate has been demonstrated in different muscle groups during isometric and dynamic exercise (1, 16). However, the influence of sex on the blood flow response to exercise has yet to be fully investigated, although sex differences in muscle blood flow have been hypothesized to be a factor contributing to the greater fatigue resistance observed in women compared with men (21).To date, the studies that have examined muscle blood flow during forearm exercise between women and men have relied primarily on ...

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Venous occlusion plethysmography reduces arterial diameter and flow velocity

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Hybrid diffuse optical techniques for continuous hemodynamic measurement in gastrocnemius during plantar flexion exercise

Hybrid diffuse optical techniques for continuous hemodynamic measurement in gastrocnemius during plantar flexion exercise

Response of the human triceps surae muscle to electrical stimulation during varying levels of blood flow restriction

Forearm blood flow follows work rate during submaximal dynamic forearm exercise independent of sex

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