Venous sac embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: Preliminary experience using interlocking detachable coils

Abstract

Venous sac embolization may be beneficial in PAVMs with large out-flow vessels or short feeding arteries. IDCs are suitable for this procedure.

Venous sac embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: safety and effectiveness at mid-term follow-up

“…We placed anchoring detachable coils and did not encounter this major complication. In general, the diameter of the venous sac is larger than of the draining vein which, in turn, is larger than the feeder (5,14). In our series the mean diameter of the venous sac, drainers, and feeders was 8.4, 4.1, and 3.7 mm, respectively.…”

“…Although venous sac embolization of PAVMs has been reported to risk intraprocedural rupture and coil protrusion into normal pulmonary veins (5,10,11), we found that it was safe and reduced the incidence of post-treatment reperfusion. We now present a retrospective evaluation of its safety and outcomes in a mid-term follow-up study of venous sac embolization to treat patients with PAVMs.…”

“…Detachable coils facilitate optimal coil sizing and positioning (5,10,14). Although none of our PAVMs were large or high-flow, the blood flow in these types of PAVM can be interrupted by using a proximal balloon catheter (5,10).…”

Migration to the pulmonary artery of nine metallic coils placed in the internal iliac vein for treatment of giant rectal varices

“…For venous sac embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, Takahashi et al (8) used interlocking detachable coils with a diameter 10% larger than the structure to be embolized. Hashimoto (5) recommended that the coil diameter should be 20–50% larger than that of the target vein and up to two times larger for venous embolization.…”

Principles and techniques of transcatheter embolotherapy for peripheral vascular lesions

“…In case of a short feeding artery, venous sac occlusion is necessary with the use of detachable microcoils. 18 If the size of the venous sac is not diminished on the follow-up chest X-ray film and computed tomography (CT) at 6 months to 1 year, the feeding artery may be recanalized; or there may have been a missed feeding artery, and reembolization is necessary.…”