Venous thromboembolism a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Background and ObjectivesThe metabolic syndrome, defined by abdominal obesity, elevation of blood pressure, fasting glucose and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with atherosclerotic disease. It induces a pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic state. Despite its high prevalence, data on the association with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are scarce. The aim of our study was to elucidate the association of the metabolic syndrome with the risk of VTE. Design and MethodsWe conducted a case-control study to investigate the presence of the metabolic syndrome defined according to guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program, in high-risk patients with objectively confirmed recurrent VTE, who had had at least one unprovoked event of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Age and sex-matched healthy individuals served as controls. ResultsA total of 116 patients and 129 controls were enrolled. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was statistically significantly higher in patients (40/116, 35%) than in controls (26/129, 20%, p=0.012 Interpretation and ConclusionsThe metabolic syndrome may contribute to the development of VTE and is associated with a two-fold increased risk of VTE.

Thrombin generation in morbid obesity: significant reduction after weight loss

“…1). Postoperatively the lag phase was significantly prolonged compared with preoperative values [median (25th-75th percentile), 7 (4-12) vs. 12 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) parameters of the hemostatic system, such as circulating TF, PAI-1 and F1.2 concentrations, decreased significantly after weight loss (Table 2). However, no significant changes in concentrations of TFPI and fibrinogen were observed after weight loss.…”

“…Results: Metabolic parameters improved with a mean weight loss of 41 (±19) kg. Postoperatively, the lag phase was significantly extended compared with preoperative values [median (25th-75th percentile), 7 (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) vs. 12 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) min, P = 0.005]. Peak thrombin decreased after weight loss from 345 (232-455) to 282 (111-388) nM (P = 0.015) and the area under the curve from 3962 (3432-5023) to 3227 (2202-4030) nM thrombin (P < 0.001).…”

“…In particular, the association of excess body weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or insulin resistance, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia is well established [1], leading to an increased risk of cardiovasular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Also, accumulating evidence suggests an association between obesity, the metabolic syndrome and venous thromboembolism (VTE) [10,11].…”

Is polycystic ovary syndrome another risk factor for venous thromboembolism? United States, 2003–2008

“…However, our findings were comparable with those of studies using clinical information to estimate the prevalence of VTE among women. 6,33,34 Ageno et al 35 in 2006 and Ay et al 36 in 2007 showed that metabolic syndrome was a risk factor for developing VTE and, thus, could play a role in VTE among women with PCOS. Despite our large sample size, we did not have enough women with PCOS, metabolic syndrome, and VTE to surmise on a possible connection.…”

Metabolic syndrome and venous thrombosis: potential role of microparticles

“…for their interest in our study, in which we have described an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the presence of the metabolic syndrome. 1 The metabolic syndrome comprises abdominal obesity (elevated waist circumference), elevated blood pressure, high triglycerides, reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated fasting glucose plasma levels and is a well known risk factor for type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. 2 Obesity defined by a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m 2 is not reflected in the definition of the metabolic syndrome.…”