Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication followingspinal cord injury (SCI)that can significantly aggravate a pre-existing condition and lead to a death. Patients who suffer acute SCI have a higher prevalence of VTE than patients who suffer other traumatic injuries with sparing of the spinal cord. It is important for physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists to have knowledge аbout primary prevention of VTE in patients with acute, subacute and chronic SCI. This article provides a brief overview of typical VTE frequency (leg deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), pathogenesis peculiarities, VTE risk factors and diagnostic considerations. The main attention is given to the primary thromboprophylaxis (methods and duration) depending on the SCI period and the SCI level. Further studies are required to clarify the optimal prophylaxismethods and protocols to prevent VTE following SCI.