Venous thromboembolism in patients with severe lung cancer: a narrative review

Abstract

Objective: At present, there are several guidelines for cancer complicated with VTE, but there is no specific recommendation for the treatment of lung cancer complicated with VTE. Whether is necessary to explore treatment and prevention of VTE in lung cancer.Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of severe lung cancer that can entail many adverse effects for patients. The incidence of VTE is higher in patients with lung cancer than in those with other kinds of solid tumors, and it is especially high among patients with lung adenocarcinoma, at advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM)stages, or with a history of central venous catheter (CVC) or chemotherapy. However, the clinical symptoms of VTE in patients with lung cancer are not typical and cannot be detected easily, and the clinical prevention rate is low. In the acute phase of VTE in lung cancer, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of patients typically ranges from 2 to 4 points, leaving end-stage maintenance therapy as the only treatment option.Methods: Here, we analyze the existing literature and discuss the current status (including epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and risk factors), risk assessment tools, and the treatment and prevention of VTE in severe lung cancer. We focus particularly on the use of low-molecular-weight heparin and new oral anticoagulants (including in the management of thrombocytopenia after antitumor therapy) in lung cancer patients with VTE.Conclusions: Large-scale prospective multicenter studies on the treatment and prevention of VTE in lung cancer are necessary.

Tromboembolismo en pacientes oncológicos.

“…Esta patología se presenta en individuos diagnosticados con cáncer pulmonar, adenocarcinoma metastásico avanzado y enfermedad relacionada con el catéter venoso central o quimioterapia a largo plazo, entre otras (Zheng et al, 2021;Sosa et al, 2021;Kenmotsu & Notsu, 2021;Mosarla & Qamar, 2019;Alfonso & Inguanzo, 2020;Khorana et al, 2021). El TEV está relacionado con una morbilidad y letalidad considerables, disminuye la calidad de vida y puede conducir a la interrupción o suspensión del tratamiento del cáncer.…”

Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Lung Cancer Before Surgery: A Case Control Study

“…8,9 Many studies have showed that the prevalence of VTE is increased significantly among lung cancer patients, and It has been reported that patients with lung cancer are more likely to develop thrombotic events than other cancer patients, with an incidence of 13.9%. 10,11 VTE can appear before cancer diagnosis, and before the begin of lung cancer treatment, the related mechanism may be that patients are in a hypercoagulable state. 12 One study reported that among 231 cases of lung cancer patients before surgery, the incidence of VTE on admission was 5.2% (12/231).…”

The association between two genetic polymorphisms in ITGB3 and increase risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

“…Recent study on the 499 092 patients revealed ninefold higher and increased risk of VTE in cancer patients compared to the general population ( Mulder et al, 2021 ). Recent studies are suggesting development of specific recommendation for treating cancer types complicated with VTE ( Zheng et al, 2021 ). It was estimated that 1.6–20% of cancer patients encounter VTE at any time during the disease course ( Gran et al, 2018 , Mohammed et al, 2015 ).…”