Venous thrombosis during systemic antitumor therapy: risks, prognosis, treatment. A review

Abstract

Venous thromboembolic events (VTE and ТЕ) in cancer are a complex and multicomponent process involving various non-modifiable and modifiable factors that increase or reduce the risk of abnormal thrombus formation. The paradigm of prevention and treatment of VTE in cancer patients has significantly changed with the introduction of new oral anticoagulants; however, the choice of a particular agent remains challenging for practitioners. This review aims to address the VTE development mechanisms in cancer patients, compare different scales in predicting VTE occurrence, and compare the effectiveness and tolerability of anticoagulant therapy in various clinical situations.