Ventilation-controlled combustion of polymers

Tewarson, A.; Jiang, Fenghui; Morikawa, Takamichi

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(93)90058-b

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…4,12 Furthermore, hydrocarbons give similar correspondence at different temperatures and ventilation conditions, as presented in Figure 6. However, Tewarson's yield of both CO and hydrocarbons continue to increase with increasing reaching a higher plateau, suggesting less complete mixing, or quenching of the fire gases at under-ventilated conditions in the FPA.…”

Section: Figure 5 Ldpe Carbon Monoxide Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 60%

The effect of temperature and ventilation condition on the toxic product yields from burning polymers

et al. 2007

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A major cause of death or permanent injury in fires is inhalation of toxic gases. Moreover, every fire is unique, and the range of products, highly dependant on fire conditions, produces a wide variety of toxic and irritant species responsible for the most fire fatalities. Therefore, to fully understand each contribution to the toxicity it is necessary to quantify the decomposition products of the material under the test. Fires can be divided into a number of stages from smouldering combustion to early wellventilated flaming, through to fully developed under-ventilated flaming. These stages can be replicated by certain bench-scale physical fire models using different fuel-to-oxygen ratios, controlled by the primary air flow, and expressed in terms of the equivalence ratio (the actual fuel/air ratio divided by the stoichiometric fuel/air ratio). This work presents combustion product yields generated using a small-scale fire model. The Purser Furnace apparatus (BS7990 and ISO TS 19700) enables different fire stages to be created. Identification and quantification of combustion gases and particularly their toxic components from different fire scenarios was undertaken by continuous Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The relationship between type of the fire particularly the temperature and ventilation conditions, and the toxic product yields for four bulk polymers, LDPE, PS, Nylon 6.6 and PVC are reported. For all the polymers tested, except PVC, there is a dramatic increase in the yield of products of incomplete combustion (CO and hydrocarbons) with increase in equivalence ratio, as might be expected. For PVC there is a consistently high level of products of incomplete combustion arising both from flame inhibition by HCl, and oxygen depletion. There is a low sensitivity to furnace temperature over the range 650-850°C, except that at 650°C PS shows an unexpectedly high yield of CO under well-ventilated conditions and PVC shows a slightly higher hydrocarbon yield. This demonstrates the dependence of toxic product yields on the equivalence ratio, and the lack of dependence on furnace temperature, within this range.

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Section: Figure 5 Ldpe Carbon Monoxide Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 60%

The effect of temperature and ventilation condition on the toxic product yields from burning polymers

et al. 2007

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“…Heat release rates Figure 2 shows the heat release rates derived from the gas supply rate and from oxygen consumption method without facing wall and opening size B0.2 m x H0.2 m. Tewerson et al analyzed that yield of carbon monoxide at under-ventilated fire is much higher relative to the one at the well-ventilated fire [8].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Facing Wall on FaÃ§ade Flames

Yanagisawa¹,

Goto²,

Ohmiya³

et al. 2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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If a fire occurs and spreads in a building, fire plumes ejected from the openings may cause fire spread to upper floors and neighboring buildings. In particular, flames ejected from an opening were investigated by many researchers [1][2][3][4][5]. However, most of their works focused on temperature distribution of fire jet plume and heights of the flames issuing from the opening. Although some researchers examined heat transfer from ejected flames to façade wall [6], their studies did not cover situations where there was an opposite wall. In the present study, a series of small-scale experiments having a façade wall and an opposite parallel wall representing an adjacent buildings were carried out in order to investigate flame heights, heat flux to the façade wall and to the facing wall, and temperature distribution of ejected flame from an opening. The following phenomena were examined: 1) the heat release rate at which flames occurred from the opening and 2) the temperature distribution in ejected flames and the heat flux from ejected flames with and without an opposite wall [7].

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“…The total energy produced by combustion is h c _ m f H c , where h c is the combustion efficiency; _ m f is the mass flow rate of fuel; and H c is the lower heat of combustion, while the fraction of such energy that is actually transferred to the smoke is given by (Tewarson et al 1993) …”

Section: Generalized Semenov Problem For Compartment Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic–stochastic approach to compartment fire modelling

Bertola

Cafaro

2008

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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A generalized Semenov model is proposed to describe the dynamics of compartment fires. It is shown that the transitions to flashover or to extinction can be described in the context of the catastrophe theory (or the theory of dynamical systems) by introducing a suitable potential function of the smoke layer temperature. The effect on the fire dynamics of random perturbations is then studied by introducing a random noise term accounting for internal and external perturbations with an arbitrary degree of correlation. While purely Gaussian perturbations (white noise) do not change the behaviour of the fire with respect to the deterministic model, perturbations depending on the model variable ('coloured' noise) may drive the system to different states. This suggests that the compartment fires can be controlled or driven to extinction by introducing appropriate external perturbations.

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Ventilation-controlled combustion of polymers

Cited by 73 publications

References 14 publications

The effect of temperature and ventilation condition on the toxic product yields from burning polymers

The effect of temperature and ventilation condition on the toxic product yields from burning polymers

Effect of a Facing Wall on FaÃ§ade Flames

Deterministic–stochastic approach to compartment fire modelling

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