Ventilatory Patterns and Respiratory Transpiration in Adult Terrestrial Insects

Hadley, Neil F.

doi:10.1086/physzool.67.1.30163841

Cited by 73 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Small insects like Drosophila are particularly subject to dehydration stress because of their high surface area:volume ratio. Adaptation to dry conditions is therefore likely to be a key feature in determining the evolution and distribution of insects (e.g., Fairbanks and Burch 1970;Arlian and Eckstrand 1975;Hadley 1994). The rapid initial increase in desiccation resistance in the D populations (Rose et al 1990) indicates the existence of substantial additive genetic variation for this trait in the founder (0) populations, consistent with high heritability estimates for desiccation resistance in D. melanogaster (Hoffman and Parsons 1989a) and D. serrata (Blows and Hoffmann 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESS RESISTANCE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

et al. 1998

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Abstract.-Resistance to environmental stress is one of the most important forces molding the distribution and abundance of species. We investigated the evolution of desiccation stress resistance using 20 outbred Drosophila melanogaster populations directly selected in the laboratory for adult desiccation resistance (D), postponed senescence (0), and their respective controls (C and B). Both aging and desiccation selection increased desiccation resistance relative to their controls, creating a spectrum of desiccation resistance levels across selection treatments. We employed an integrative approach, merging data on the life histories of these populations with a detailed physiology of water balance. The physiological basis of desiccation resistance may be mechanisms enhancing either resource conservation or resource acquisition and allocation. Desiccation-resistant populations had increased water and carbohydrate stores, and showed age-specific patterns of desiccation resistance consistent with the resource accumulation mechanism. A significant proportion of the resources relevant to resistance of the stress were accumulated in the larval stage. Males and females of desiccation-selected lines exhibited distinctly different patterns of desiccation resistance and resource acquisition, in a manner suggesting intersexual antagonism in the evolution of stress resistance. Preadult viability of stress-selected populations was lower than that of controls, and development was slowed. Our results suggest that there is a cost to preadult resource acquisition, pointing out a complex trade-off architecture involving characters distributed across distinct life-cycle stages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESS RESISTANCE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

et al. 1998

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“…8 Gibbs and Crowe, 1991 specimens, to prevent respiratory or excretory water loss. At moderate temperatures, cuticular transpiration often accounts for >90% of overall water loss (Hadley, 1994b), but the relative contribution of respiratory water loss may increase due to the direct effects of temperature and increased activity related to stress. Use of dead insects is based on the assumption that water is lost only through the cuticle, at the same rate as when alive.…”

Section: Organismal Water Loss and Lipid Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Proofing Properties of Cuticular Lipids

Gibbs

1998

Am Zool

416

320

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SYNOPSIS. Epicuticular lipids play a critical role in allowing arthropods to thrive in terrestrial environments, by reducing transpiration of water through the cuticle. These lipids consist of a diverse array of compounds, especiaUy long-chain hydrocarbons. Rates of water loss are correlated with hydrocarbon structural features, including chain length, unsaturation and methyl-branching. The water-proofing abilities of cuticular lipids appear to depend largely on their physical properties. In most arthropods, rates of water loss increase rapidly above a "transition" temperature. A widely accepted model proposes that this transition is due to melting of the surface lipids to a fluid, permeable state. Evidence for this hypothesis has primarily been correlative, due to experimental limitations. Recent technical advances in lipid biophysics and water loss measurements have made it possible to test the lipid melting model more directly. Experiments using model cuticles, in vitro preparations and intact arthropods support the idea that the phase behavior of cuticular lipids is a major factor determining cuticular permeability.

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“…This water-conserving hypothesis for the SEC was later supported by data showing that the air in the cavity has a high water content (Ahearn, 1970;Zachariassen, 1991;Hadley, 1994;Cloudsley-Thompson, 2001). Ahearn (1970) suggested that, in desert tenebrionid beetles, a unidirectional airflow passes backwards with inspiration via the mesothoracic spiracles and expiration via the subelytral spiracles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A third common gas exchange pattern is continuous respiration, in which CO 2 release is more or less steady (Hadley, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The opening-closing rhythms of the subelytral cavity associated with gas exchange patterns in diapausing Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Kuusik

Jõgar

Metspalu

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The opening-closing rhythms of the subelytral cavity and associated gas exchange patterns were monitored in diapausing Leptinotarsa decemlineata beetles. Measurements were made by means of a flowthrough CO 2 analyser and a coulometric respirometer. Under the elytra of these beetles there is a more or less tightly enclosed space, the subelytral cavity (SEC). When the cavity was tightly closed, air pressure inside was sub-atmospheric, as a result of oxygen uptake into the tracheae by the beetle. In about half of the beetles, regular opening-closing rhythms of the SEC were observed visually and also recorded; these beetles displayed a discontinuous gas exchange pattern. The SEC opened at the start of the CO 2 burst and was immediately closed. On opening, a rapid passive suction inflow of atmospheric air into the SEC occurred, recorded coulometrically as a sharp upward peak. As the CO 2 burst lasted beyond the closure of the SEC, we suggest that most of the CO 2 was expelled through the mesothoracic spiracles. In the remaining beetles, the SEC was continually semi-open, and cyclic gas exchange was exhibited. The locking mechanisms and structures between the elytra and between the elytra and the body were examined under a stereomicroscope and by means of microphotography. We conclude that at least some of the L. decemlineata diapausing beetles were able to close their subelytral cavity tightly, and that the cavity then served as a water-saving device.

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Ventilatory Patterns and Respiratory Transpiration in Adult Terrestrial Insects

Cited by 73 publications

References 21 publications

RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESS RESISTANCE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESS RESISTANCE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Water-Proofing Properties of Cuticular Lipids

The opening-closing rhythms of the subelytral cavity associated with gas exchange patterns in diapausing Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

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