Ventromedial Frontal Lobe Damage Disrupts Value Maximization in Humans

Camille, Nathalie; Griffiths, Cathryn A.; Vo, Khoi; Fellows, Lesley K.; Kable, Joseph W.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6527-10.2011

Cited by 200 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Brain activity also correlated with willingness to pay in other regions previously associated with decision making and value (Tang, Fellows, Small, & Dagher, 2012), including the OFC (Padoa-Schioppa & Assad, 2006;Wallis, 2007), striatum (Schultz, 2005), and ACC (Kennerley, Walton, Behrens, Buckley, & Rushworth, 2006). Other research has shown that damage affecting the vmPFC and OFC disrupts value-maximizing choices of food stimuli, which further supports a role for these regions in value-based decisions (Camille, Griffiths, Vo, Fellows, & Kable, 2011;Henri-Bhargava, Simioni, & Fellows, 2012). Liking ratings, on the other hand, were primarily correlated with activity in the insula (see the Supplemental Material available online), which has been previously associated with processing the sensory properties of food (de Araujo, Geha, & Small, 2012;Scott & PlataSalaman, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Behavioral and Neural Valuation of Foods Is Driven by Implicit Knowledge of Caloric Content

2014

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The factors that affect food choices are critical to understanding obesity. In the present study, healthy participants were shown pictures of foods to determine the impact of caloric content on food choice. Brain activity was then measured while participants bid for a chance to purchase and eat one item. True caloric density, but not individual estimates of calorie content, predicted how much participants were willing to pay for each item. Caloric density also correlated with the neural response to food pictures in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a brain area that encodes the value of stimuli and predicts immediate consumption. That same region exhibited functional connectivity with an appetitive brain network, and this connectivity was modulated by willingness to pay. Despite the fact that participants were poor at explicitly judging caloric content, their willingness to pay and brain activity both correlated with actual caloric density. This suggests that the reward value of a familiar food is dependent on implicit knowledge of its caloric content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Behavioral and Neural Valuation of Foods Is Driven by Implicit Knowledge of Caloric Content

2014

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“…Such anticipatory activity is thought to explain the role this area plays in a variety of behaviors (Camille, Griffiths, Vo, Fellows, & Kable, 2011; Gallagher, McMahan, & Schoenbaum, 1999; Gourley et al, 2013; Izquierdo, Suda, & Murray, 2004; Jones et al, 2012; Ostlund & Balleine, 2007; Reber et al, 2017). However, the OFC is also often important for learning (Jones & Mishkin, 1972; McDannald, Lucantonio, Burke, Niv, & Schoenbaum, 2011; McDannald, Saddoris, Gallagher, & Holland, 2005; Takahashi et al, 2009; Tsuchida, Doll, & Fellows, 2010; Walton, Behrens, Buckley, Rudebeck, & Rushworth, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbitofrontal neurons signal reward predictions, not reward prediction errors

Stalnaker

Liu

Takahashi

et al. 2018

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) fire in anticipation of and during rewards. Such firing has been suggested to encode reward predictions and to account in some way for the role of this area in adaptive behavior and learning. However, it has also been reported that neural activity in OFC reflects reward prediction errors, which might drive learning directly. Here we tested this question by analyzing the firing of OFC neurons recorded in an odor discrimination task in which rats were trained to sample odor cues and respond left or right on each trial for reward. Neurons were recorded across blocks of trials in which we switched either the number or the flavor of the reward delivered in each well. Previously we have described how neurons in this dataset fired to the predictive cues (Stalnaker et al., 2014); here we focused on the firing in anticipation of and just after delivery of each drop of reward, looking specifically for differences in firing based on whether the reward number or flavor was unexpected or expected. Unlike dopamine neurons recorded in this setting, which exhibited phasic error-like responses after surprising changes in either reward number or reward flavor (Takahashi et al., 2017), OFC neurons showed no such error correlates and instead fired in a way that reflected reward predictions.

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“…The situation is more balanced with lesions to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, in keeping with the putative role of this region in integrating appetitive and aversive dimensions. Such a lesion was shown to affect information integration in multi-attribute decision-making [93], to amplify inconsistencies in choices between appetitive food items [94], but also to impair learning from negative feedback [95]. …”

Section: Box 1 Effects Of Focal Lesions On Appetitive Versus Aversivementioning

confidence: 99%

The good, the bad and the brain: neural correlates of appetitive and aversive values underlying decision making

Pessiglione

Delgado

2015

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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Approaching rewards and avoiding punishments could be considered as core principles governing behavior. Experiments from behavioral economics have shown that choices involving gains and losses follow different policy rules, suggesting that appetitive and aversive processes might rely on different brain systems. Here we contrast this hypothesis with recent neuroscience studies exploring the human brain from brainstem nuclei to cortical areas. A strict anatomical divide seems difficult to draw, as appetitive and aversive stimuli appear to be processed in a flexible manner that depends on a context-wise subjective reference point. However, some valence specificity can be defined in the sense that net values (discounting appetitive by aversive values) are signaled with enhanced activity in some circuits, versus reduced activity in others. This dichotomy might explain why drugs or lesions can produce valence-specific effects, biasing decisions towards approaching a reward or avoiding a punishment.

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Ventromedial Frontal Lobe Damage Disrupts Value Maximization in Humans

Cited by 200 publications

References 57 publications

Behavioral and Neural Valuation of Foods Is Driven by Implicit Knowledge of Caloric Content

Behavioral and Neural Valuation of Foods Is Driven by Implicit Knowledge of Caloric Content

Orbitofrontal neurons signal reward predictions, not reward prediction errors

The good, the bad and the brain: neural correlates of appetitive and aversive values underlying decision making

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