Veratrine-induced reflexes and cough

Tatár, M.; Nagyová, B; Widdicombe, J. G.

doi:10.1016/s0954-6111(06)80255-6

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Upper airways inflammatory diseases and gastro-esophageal reflux disease can up regulate cough [33,34], while bronchopulmonary C-fiber activation [35], BP alterations [36] and perhaps irregular cough volumes stretch receptor activation [26] can decrease cough excitability and/or cough motor drive. We focused on those, which are easily applicable and inducible due to their potential employment for cough modulation in correction of excessive or insufficient coughing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cough Modulation by Upper Airway Stimuli in Cat—Potential Clinical Application?

Poliaček

Plevková

Pitts

et al. 2016

OJMIP

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The modulation of mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough was tested by applying various stimuli and the elicitation of other airway protective behaviors in pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Capsaicin and histamine were injected in the nose, and mechanical nylon fiber and / or air puff stimulation was applied to the nose and nasopharynx. Reflex responses of cough, sneeze, aspiration reflex and expiration reflex were induced mechanically. Swallow was initiated by the injection of water into oropharynx. Subthreshold mechanical stimulation of nasopharyngeal and nasal mucosa, as well as water stimulation in the oropharynx and larynx, with no motor response, had no effect on rhythmic coughing. Cough responsiveness and excitability increased with capsaicin and air puff stimuli delivered to the nose. Vice versa, the number of cough responses was reduced and cough latency increased when aspiration reflexes (>1) occurred before the cough stimulus or within inter-cough intervals (passive E2 cough phase). The occurrence of swallows increased the cough latency as well. Cough inspiratory and / or expiratory motor drive was enhanced by the occurrence of expiration reflexes, swallows, and sneezes and also by aspiration reflex within the inspiratory phase of cough and by nasal air puff stimuli. Complex central interactions, ordering and sequencing of motor acts from the airways may result in the disruption of cough rhythmic sequence but also in the enhancement of cough. Our data confirm that number of peripheral stimuli and respiratory motor responses significantly alters cough performance. We propose developing and testing stimulation paradigms that modify coughing and could be employed in correcting of inappropriate or excessive coughing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cough Modulation by Upper Airway Stimuli in Cat—Potential Clinical Application?

Poliaček

Plevková

Pitts

et al. 2016

OJMIP

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“…It is generally accepted, that respiratory and -cough related neuronal networks overlap significantly and that stimuli that increase ventilatory drive also frequently potentiate cough and vice versa, the depression of ventilation usually results in the depression of cough [28,29] at least in rodents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cineole, Thymol and Camphor Nasal Challenges and their Effect on Nasal Symptoms and Cough in an Animal Model

Gavliakova¹,

Dolak²,

Licha³

et al. 2013

Acta Medica Martiniana

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A b s t r a c t Inhalation of aromatic vapours suppressed coughing induced by citric acid (CA) in naive animals. No data are available about their effects in an animal model with primarily up-regulated cough reflex. New data indicate that aromatic vapours suppress cough via effect on nasal sensory nerves.The aim of our study was to ascertain the efficacy of nasal application of 1,8-cineole, thymol and camphor on nasal symptoms and CA induced cough in validated model of up-regulated cough reflex. Guinea pigs (n=13) were sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of ovalbumin (OVA) and sensitization was confirmed 21 days later by skin tests. Sensitized animals were repeatedly challenged with nasal OVA to induce rhinitis, and further experiments (cough challenges) were performed during the early phase of allergic inflammation.Cough was induced by CA in plethysmograph for 10 minutes after nasal pre-treatment with aromatic substances (10 -3 M) in rhinitis model. Cough was recognized from record of sudden airflow changes interrupting breathing pattern and cough sound. Final count of coughs was established by blind analysis using SonicVisualiser Software. Dose responses curves, total cough count and cough latency were analyzed.Repeated intranasal challenge with OVA induces progressively worsening symptoms, and cough induced by CA during acute phase of allergic rhinitis was enhanced. Nasal pre-treatment with 1,8-cineole, thymol and camphor did not prevent onset of nasal symptoms, and the magnitude of symptoms was comparable to those without pretreatment. Camphor had the most potent antitussive effects (number of coughs 25±3 vs. 7±2, p<0.05) followed by thymol (number of coughs 25±3 vs. 14±2, p<0.05). The data for nasal 1,8-cineole challenge did not reach statistical significance. Cough latency followed this trend.Although the magnitude of nasal symptoms is not influenced, the effect on cough is in case of camphor and thymol significant. Our data showed that nasal application of aromatic substances suppress citric acid induced cough in animals with up-regulated cough reflex.

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“…There was no time to discuss in detail some other examples of afferent inputs that have been shown to ‘tune’ the cough center, although some are mentioned in the sections above. They include the external ear [101], the nasopharynx ([11,102,103] and see above), the heart [104], the abdominal viscera [105], the eye [106] and the skin ([79,81–83,107], and see above). Nearly all the results described applied to the ‘classical’ cough reflex, starting with an inspiration and usually induced by capsaicin or citric acid aerosols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workshop: Tuning the ‘cough center’

Widdicombe

Tatár²,

Fontana³

et al. 2011

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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The Workshop considered the mechanisms whereby the ‘cough center’ could be tuned by various afferent inputs. There were particular presentations on the effects of inputs from the nose, mouth, respiratory tract and lungs, cerebral cortex, somatic tissues and the pharynx. From all these sites cough induced from the lungs could be increased or decreased in its strength or modified in its pattern. Thus ‘tuning’ of cough could be due to the interaction of afferent inputs, or to the sensitization or desensitization of brainstem neural pathways. The pattern of response depended on the ‘type’ of cough being studied and, in some instances, on the timing of the sensory input into the brainstem. Cough inputs could also affect various ‘non-cough’ motor outputs from the brain, although this was not the main theme of the Workshop. The main conclusion was that cough is not a stereotyped output from the medullary ‘cough center’, but that its pattern and strength depend on many afferent inputs acting on the ‘cough center’.

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Veratrine-induced reflexes and cough

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Cough Modulation by Upper Airway Stimuli in Cat—Potential Clinical Application?

Cough Modulation by Upper Airway Stimuli in Cat—Potential Clinical Application?

Cineole, Thymol and Camphor Nasal Challenges and their Effect on Nasal Symptoms and Cough in an Animal Model

Workshop: Tuning the ‘cough center’

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