Verbal interactions with individuals presenting with and without physical disability.

Gouvier, Wm. Drew; Coon, Robert C.; Todd, Mark E.; Fuller, Kristi H.

doi:10.1037/0090-5550.39.4.263

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Studies of patronizing speech have shown that students use much higher‐pitched voices when speaking to adults assumed to be disabled compared to adults without disabilities (Liesener & Mills, ). Similar infantilizing, repetitive speech patterns have been observed on college campuses (Gouvier, Coon, Todd, & Fuller, ), and among medical students when interacting with visibly impaired others (Eddey, Robey, & McConnell, ). Furthermore, people with disabilities consistently report being the targets of unsolicited, inappropriate, and unwanted assistance for which they are expected to be grateful (Braithwaite & Eckstein, ).…”

Section: Hostile Ableism Researchsupporting

confidence: 60%

Hostile, Benevolent, and Ambivalent Ableism: Contemporary Manifestations

Nario‐Redmond

Kemerling

Silverman

2019

Journal of Social Issues

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Disabled people experience ableism in many forms from the seemingly benevolent to the blatantly hostile, and more ambivalent or mixed forms (e.g., paternalistic/condescending and jealous/envy). Rooted in historic and contemporary frameworks, this study explores the experiences of an international sample of disabled people (N = 185) using six open-ended questions to assess some of the manifestations of ableism documented in the literature. We found that experiences with paternalistic forms of ableism were among the most pervasive followed by inspirational, hostile, envious, and dehumanizing forms while fears of becoming disabled or "catching" disability were less commonly reported. Furthermore, some forms of ableism (e.g., infantilization, unwanted help, and invasions of privacy) were more common among those with visible impairments whereas invalidation and accusations of fraud were more common among those with less apparent conditions. Implications for policies related to hate crimes, health care, and media representations are discussed along with directions for future research.If I tell someone I don't like their pitying behavior or point out that their kind intent had a harmful impact, they become hostile, usually accusing me of being ungrateful or disabled people like me as "too sensitive" (Person with multiple disabilities, 2015). People go from pity party, you're so inspirational to you're an ungrateful bitch really fast when I turn down help. (Person with multiple disabilities, 2015).In many ways, the manifestations of ableism are comparable to other minority group prejudices expressed as fear, denigration, and dehumanizing actions on the

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Section: Hostile Ableism Researchsupporting

confidence: 60%

Hostile, Benevolent, and Ambivalent Ableism: Contemporary Manifestations

Nario‐Redmond

Kemerling

Silverman

2019

Journal of Social Issues

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show abstract

“…1998; Goffman, 1963;Jones, Farina, Hastorf, Markus, Miller, & Scott, 1984). Par exemple, Gouvier et al (1994) ont montré que les étudiants valides utilisaient le langage adressé aux enfants (LAE) lorsqu'ils répondaient à un pair en fauteuil roulant qui demandait le chemin de la bibliothèque universitaire, mais s'exprimaient tout à fait "normalement" avec un pair valide. Le contexte universitaire dans lequel se déroulait cette étude s'avère particulièrement intéressant pour plusieurs raisons.…”

Section: La Théorie De La Privation Relative Et Les Réactions Au Handunclassified

“…Si les attitudes et comportements envers les personnes handicapées ne sont pas unilatéralement négatifs (Katz & Glass, 1979;Sheehan, Boisvert, Pépin, & Fougeyrollas, 1995), une constante malheureuse des relations intergroupes se trouve être, dans son plus large terme, le préjudice. De la "simple" façon de s'adresser verbalement aux personnes handicapées (Gouvier, Coon, Todd, & Fuller, 1994) à l'eugénisme (Pfeiffer, 1994), nous retrouvons tout un pan de situations incluant des pensées, affects et comportements semblant s'appliquer à n'importe quelle minorité. Ainsi, étant données la permanence et la répétition de ces situations dévalorisantes, nous pouvons nous interroger quant aux réactions des membres des groupes concernés: est-il possible que dans de telles conditions, l'image de soi ne soit pas dégradée?…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

La théorie de la privation relative et les réactions au handicap: Le rôle des comparaisons intrapersonnelles dans la gestion de l'estime de soi

et al. 2001

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La théorie de la privation relative (PR) distingue habituellement les comparaisons interpersonnelles des comparaisons intergroupes, mais néglige les comparaisons intrapersonnelles. Cette recherche révèle que les comparaisons entre le soi présent et le soi futur aboutissent à des sentiments de gratification relative (GR), eux‐mêmes reliés à l'estime de soi. Une première étude (N = 581) confirme que la GR intrapersonnelle contribue positivement à l'estime de soi. Une seconde étude, menée auprès d'étudiants handicapés (n = 31) et valides (n = 50) révèle que si les handicapés ont une estime de soi plus élevée que les valides, cette préservation s'explique uniquement par la GR intrapersonnelle. Enfin, la PR intergroupe et la GR intrapersonelle sont deux prédicteurs distincts du militantisme en faveur des personnes handicapées. Ces résultats attestent l'importance de différencier les niveaux de comparaisons.

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“…This assumption was informed by previous research demonstrating that people with disabilities are often treated like helpless children. For example, when asking for directions on a college campus, confederates using a wheelchair received more concrete, redundant answers than did their nondisabled counterparts (Gouvier, Coon, Todd, & Fuller, ). Similarly, college students gave directions that resembled those they would give to a 12‐year‐old child (e.g., using more words, speaking louder and in a higher pitched voice) when under the impression that the recipient was an adult using a wheelchair, even when the adult was clearly identified as a working professional (Liesener & Mills, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Confronting Patronizing Help for People with Disabilities: Do Target Gender and Disability Type Matter?

Wang

Walker

Pietri

et al. 2019

Journal of Social Issues

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People with disabilities face a dilemma in dealing with patronizing help: Although accepting unsolicited assistance can incur psychological costs, confronting the helper has been shown to incur interpersonal penalties. The present research explored whether the consequences of confronting patronizing help vary across target gender and disability type. A vignette paradigm introduced participants to various interactions between adults with and without disabilities. Study 1 (N = 137) showed that, when blind targets confronted help that was clearly patronizing, they were rated as ruder and less warm after (vs. before) confronting regardless of their gender. Study 2 (N = 368) showed that, although both blind and wheelchairusing targets were rated as less warm and ruder after (vs. before) confronting, blind targets were penalized more, and patronizing behavior toward blind targets was perceived as more appropriate. These results highlight the importance of considering intersectionality and cross-disability heterogeneity when examining the multifaceted experience of ableism.

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Verbal interactions with individuals presenting with and without physical disability.

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Hostile, Benevolent, and Ambivalent Ableism: Contemporary Manifestations

Hostile, Benevolent, and Ambivalent Ableism: Contemporary Manifestations

La théorie de la privation relative et les réactions au handicap: Le rôle des comparaisons intrapersonnelles dans la gestion de l'estime de soi

Consequences of Confronting Patronizing Help for People with Disabilities: Do Target Gender and Disability Type Matter?

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