Verbal labeling as an assimilation mnemonic for abstract visual stimuli: The sample case of recognition memory for Chinese characters

Multimodal coding and strategic approach in young and older adults’ visual working memory performance

“…Additionally, Brown and Wesley (2013) found that, within young adults, strategy use varies, and this impacts capacity. While visual rehearsal may be the most fundamental strategy for a visual working memory task, incorporating strategies beyond this, such as combining visual and verbal approaches, is related to increased capacity in young people (Postle, D'Esposito, & Corkin, 2005;Postle & Hamidi, 2007;Verhaeghen et al, 2006; see also Bower et al, 1975;Paivio, 1971Paivio, , 1991Santa, 1975). While Brown and Wesley provided some evidence for automatic activation of semantics (Logie, 2011), the research additionally showed that the benefit associated with more meaningful stimuli requires executive resources.…”

“…'jealous'). Similarly, abstract visual stimuli are better recalled from long-term memory when there is a meaningful, verbal context provided (Bower, Karlin, & Dueck, 1975;Santa, 1975;Verhaeghen, Palfai, & Johnson 2006). By extension, Brown et al (2006;see also Mammarella, Giofrè, Caviola, Cornoldi, & Hamilton, 2014;Postle, & Hamidi, 2007;Riby & Orme, 2013) showed that short-term memory for abstract visual patterns is also superior when the stimuli are more readily verbally encoded, although the associated meaningfulness may account for the benefit rather than the verbalization itself (Brown & Wesley, 2013).…”

“…As articulatory suppression does not remove the benefit of the more meaningful patterns, the findings suggest that semantic codes may be automatically activated and/or strategically created. This would bring context to the otherwise abstract visual patterns (Bower et al, 1975;Delogu, et al, 2009;Orme et al, 2017;Postle et al, 2005;Riby & Orme, 2013;Santa, 1975;Verhaeghen et al, 2006). However, although semantics may be automatically activated (Brown & Wesley, 2013;Logie, 2011), this does not necessarily mean that they will be integrated with short-term codes.…”

Induction and measurement of episodic memories in healthy adults

“…These findings were unexpected since it is known that concrete items are better remembered than items which do not automatically induce the retrieval of semantic concepts including their associations (Verhaeghen et al, 2006). Also, items with emotional content are generally better remembered than neutral ones (Segal and Cahill, 2009).…”

The Impact of Flipped Online Kanji Instruction on Written Vocabulary Learning for Introductory and Intermediate Japanese Language Students

“…Other studies have consistently demonstrated that the use of multiple sources of information leads to better learning than reliance on a single source of information (Mori, , ; Shen, ). Available strategies include compositional analysis (Jackson, Everson, & Ke, ; Kubota & Toyoda, ; Mori, ; Mori et al, ; Shen & Ke, , Toyoda, ; Yamashita & Maru, ), context‐based strategies (Kondo‐Brown, ; Mori, , Mori & Nagy, ; Taniuchi & Komori, ; Yamagata, ), mnemonic strategies (Kuo & Hooper, ; Kuwabara, ; Rose, ; Soemer & Schwan, ; Toyoda & McNamara, ; Verhaeghen, Palfai, & Johnson, ), and repeated writing (Butler, ; Gamage, , Nesbitt, ; Thomas, , ; Winke, ). The pedagogical implication is that L2 students should be encouraged to use multiple strategies flexibly and effectively in an enriched, multimodal learning environment, as the ability to use metacognitive strategies can be improved through strategy instruction (Ulambayar, ).…”