Verfahren zum Recycling von seltenerdhaltigen Permanentmagneten

Gauß, Roland; Diehl, Oliver; Brouwer, Eva; Buckow, Alexander; Güth, K.; Gutfleisch, Oliver

doi:10.1002/cite.201500061

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This is, however, more difficult here, as these alloys oxidize easily in air, hence their covering with a protective coating. Various groups have therefore reported a general process that first performs a hydrogen exposure, which creates a volume expansion of the magnet as metal hydrides are formed [205][206][207][208][209][210]. This allows the casing to break, and the alloy to turn easily into fine powder.…”

Section: Rare-earth Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…then follow with a sintering step to produce new permanent magnets with the best performances possible (Figure 7). Many reports and patents can be found on this last portion of the process [205][206][207]209,[212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219], which most likely only represents the tip of the iceberg when compared to the unpublished trade secrets from the permanent magnet industry.…”

Section: Rare-earth Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dismantling of Printed Circuit Boards Enabling Electronic Components Sorting and Their Subsequent Treatment Open Improved Elemental Sustainability Opportunities

et al. 2021

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This critical review focuses on advanced recycling strategies to enable or increase recovery of chemical elements present in waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Conventional recycling involves manual removal of high value electronic components (ECs), followed by raw crushing of WPCBs, to recover main elements (by weight or value). All other elements remain unrecovered and end up highly diluted in post-processing wastes or ashes. To retrieve these elements, it is necessary to enrich the waste streams, which requires a change of paradigm in WPCB treatment: the disassembly of WPCBs combined with the sorting of ECs. This allows ECs to be separated by composition and to drastically increase chemical element concentration, thus making their recovery economically viable. In this report, we critically review state-of-the-art processes that dismantle and sort ECs, including some unpublished foresight from our laboratory work, which could be implemented in a recycling plant. We then identify research, business opportunities and associated advanced retrieval methods for those elements that can therefore be recovered, such as refractory metals (Ta, Nb, W, Mo), gallium, or lanthanides, or those, such as the platinum group elements, that can be recovered in a more environmentally friendly way than pyrometallurgy. The recovery methods can be directly tuned and adapted to the corresponding stream.

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Section: Rare-earth Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rare-earth Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismantling of Printed Circuit Boards Enabling Electronic Components Sorting and Their Subsequent Treatment Open Improved Elemental Sustainability Opportunities

et al. 2021

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“…Metal production is an important contributor to global warming [65]. It is therefore important to understand to what extent recycling processes provide an advantage regarding this issue over primary production [26,66]. For this study, the focus is on identifying the environmentally important parameters in process development.…”

Section: Contribution Analysis Gwp 100a: Recycling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ex-ante LCA Study of Rare Earth Extraction from NdFeB Magnet Scrap Using Molten Salt Electrolysis

Schulze

Abbasalizadeh

Bulach³

et al. 2018

J. Sustain. Metall.

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A new recycling process for the extraction of rare earths from neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnet scrap is being developed, based on the direct extraction of rare earths from end-of-life magnet material in a molten fluoride electrolysis bath. Rare earths are required in their metallic form for the production of new NdFeB magnets, and the suggested process achieves this through a single step. The process is being developed on a laboratory scale and has been proven to work in principle. It is expected to be environmentally beneficial when compared to longer processing routes. Conducting life cycle assessment at R&D stage can provide valuable information to help steer process development into an environmentally favorable direction. We conducted a life cycle assessment study to provide a quantitative estimate of the impacts associated with the process being developed and to compare the prospective impacts against those of the current state-of-the-art technology. The comparison of this recycling route with primary production shows that the recycling process has the potential for much lower process-specific impacts when compared against the current rare earth primary production route. The study also highlights that perfluorocarbon emissions, which occur during primary rare earth production, warrant further investigation. Keywords Rare earths Á Molten salt electrolysis Á Molten fluorides Á Recycling Á Ex-ante LCA Á Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions

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“…REEs are also highly relevant in technical chemistry as catalysts and as constituents in ceramics. Luminescent REEs have recently been tested for the monitoring of technological processes [5,6,7,8,9], while further attention is also being paid to bioinorganic processes [10], dissipation [11] and REE recycling [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Shaping the future with Rare Earth Elements</i> – Model Experiments for “damage monitoring” with [Eu(DBM)<SUB>4</SUB>TEA] and for Recycling of Neodymium(III) Sulfate from Hard Disk Magnets

Prechtl¹,

Schmidt²

2019

WJCE

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Rare Earth Elements (REEs: Sc, Y, La-Lu) are found in numerous future-oriented applications such as in magnets for green technologies and in fluorescing materials. A shortage of resources is already forecast for diverse REEs, which suggests it may be necessary to recycle these elements and optimize technologies. Both aspects will be addressed in this paper. Model experiments with regards to damage monitoring using [Eu(DBM) 4 TEA] and the recycling of neodymium(III) sulfate in hard disk magnets will also be presented. These are experiments for teachers and students who already have advanced experimental experience, such as trainees at vocational schools.

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Verfahren zum Recycling von seltenerdhaltigen Permanentmagneten

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Dismantling of Printed Circuit Boards Enabling Electronic Components Sorting and Their Subsequent Treatment Open Improved Elemental Sustainability Opportunities

Dismantling of Printed Circuit Boards Enabling Electronic Components Sorting and Their Subsequent Treatment Open Improved Elemental Sustainability Opportunities

An Ex-ante LCA Study of Rare Earth Extraction from NdFeB Magnet Scrap Using Molten Salt Electrolysis

<i>Shaping the future with Rare Earth Elements</i> – Model Experiments for “damage monitoring” with [Eu(DBM)<SUB>4</SUB>TEA] and for Recycling of Neodymium(III) Sulfate from Hard Disk Magnets

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