Vergence eye movements in response to binocular disparity without depth perception

Masson, Guillaume S.; Busettini, C.; Miles, F. A.

doi:10.1038/38496

Cited by 196 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, many neurons manifest disparity selectivity when stimulated with anticorrelated RDSs (Cumming and Parker 1997). Also, anticorrelated images induce transient vergence eye movements in the opposite direction than correlated images (Masson et al 1997 One could argue that the impossibility to see any depth in stimulus (ÀA, A), (A, ÀA) for any combination of presentation time T ÀA, A and T A, ÀA , was not caused by the absence of delay mechanisms but by the fact that, in monocular viewing, the continuous alternations of anticorrelated images might have a detrimental effect on stereopsis. This alternative explanation was tested in experiment 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Properties of Disparity Processing Revealed by Dynamic Random-Dot Stereograms

Gheorghiu

Erkelens

2005

Perception

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In studies of the temporal flexibility of the stereoscopic system, it has been suggested that two different processes of binocular depth perception could be responsible for the flexibility: tolerance for interocular delays and temporal integration of correlation. None has investigated the relationship between tolerance for delays and temporal integration mechanisms and none has revealed which mechanism is responsible for depth perception in dynamic random-dot stereograms. We address these questions in the present study. Across five experiments, we investigated the temporal properties of stereopsis by varying interocular correlation as a function of time in controlled ways. We presented different types of dynamic random-dot stereograms, each consisting of two pairs of alternating random-dot patterns. Our experimental results demonstrate that (i) disparities from simultaneous monocular inputs dominate those from interocular delayed inputs; (ii) stereopsis is limited by temporal properties of monocular luminance mechanisms; and (iii) depth perception in dynamic random-dot stereograms results from cross-correlation-like operation on two simultaneous monocular inputs that represent the retinal images after having been subjected to a process of monocular temporal integration of luminance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Properties of Disparity Processing Revealed by Dynamic Random-Dot Stereograms

Gheorghiu

Erkelens

2005

Perception

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“…A peak in the cross-correlation of the left and right eye images computed by the neuron can signal the average depth of the surfaces within the RF. This local disparity signal may support coarse stereopsis (Tyler, 1990), as well as vergence eye movement (Masson et al, 1997;Takemura et al, 2001).…”

Section: Neural Correlates Of Stereoscopic Depth Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rejection of False Matches for Binocular Correspondence in Macaque Visual Cortical Area V4

Tanabe

Umeda²,

Fujita³

2004

J. Neurosci.

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A plane lying in depth is vividly perceived by viewing a random-dot stereogram (RDS) with a slight binocular disparity. Perception of a plane-in-depth is lost by reversing the contrast of dots seen by one of the eyes to generate an anticorrelated RDS. From a computational perspective, the visual system cannot find a globally consistent solution for matching the left and right eye images of an anticorrelated RDS. The neural representation of a global match should therefore be insensitive to binocular disparity in an anticorrelated RDS. Most neurons in the striate cortex (V1) respond to binocular disparity in anticorrelated RDSs, suggesting that further cortical processing in extrastriate areas is necessary to fully account for the matching computation. We examined neural responses to dynamic RDSs, both normal (correlated) and anticorrelated, in area V4 of the monkey visual cortex. More than half of the V4 cells were sensitive to the horizontal disparity embedded in a correlated RDS. Most of them greatly attenuated their selectivity for disparity when the RDS was anticorrelated. This attenuation was apparent from the response onset, and the degree of attenuation did not correlate with neuronal response latencies. Unlike the disparity tuning of V1 neurons to anticorrelated RDSs, that of V4 neurons was not an inversion of tuning to normal RDSs. Our results suggest that responses to false matches between contrast-reversed dots in the left and right eye images elicited in V1 are substantially reduced by the stage of V4.

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“…The resulting depth-vergence curves can be qualitatively related to the initial vergence responses to disparity steps in humans and monkeys (Masson et al 1997;Takemura et al 2001) (see inset in Fig. 7a).…”

Section: Experiments 3: Invariance To Luminance Texture and Interocumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the camera axes are moving freely, as it occurs in a binocular active vision system, stereopsis cannot longer be considered a 1D problem and both horizontal and vertical disparities are primary cues to drive vergence movements (Cumming and Parker 1997;Masson et al 1997;Takemura et al 2001). Therefore, as anticipated above, the 1D phase difference approach must be extended to the 2D case.…”

Section: Bio-inspired Vergence Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In experimental neurophysiology and psychophysics (e.g. see Masson et al 1997;Takemura et al 2001), such curves are obtained in controlled situations by measuring the triggered vergence in response to random dot stereograms. In real 3D environments (as in our set-up), the ground-truth disparity is not available and we can only exploit the rough relationship between the disparity and the depth of the stimulus to obtain depth-vergence curves so to characterize the behaviour of the control and to understand the effect of the normalization.…”

Section: Experiments 3: Invariance To Luminance Texture and Interocumentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Portable Bio-Inspired Architecture for Efficient Robotic Vergence Control

et al. 2016

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In stereoscopic vision, the ability of perceiving the three-dimensional structure of the surrounding environment is subordinated to a precise and effective motor control for the binocular coordination of the eyes/cameras. If, on the one side, the binocular coordination of camera movements is a complicating factor, on the other side, a proper vergence control, acting on the binocular disparity, facilitates the binocular fusion and the subsequent stereoscopic perception process. In real-world situations, an effective vergence control requires further features other than real time capabilities: real robot systems are indeed characterized by mechanical and geometrical imprecision that affect the binocular vision, and the illumination conditions are changeable and unpredictable. Moreover, in order to allow an effective visual exploration of the peripersonal space, it is necessary to cope with different gaze directions and provide a large working space. The proposed control strategy resorts to a neuromimetic approach that provides a distributed representation of disparity information. trol, which directly interacts with saccadic control. Before saccade, the open-loop component is computed in correspondence of the saccade target region, to obtain a vergence correction to be applied simultaneously with the saccade. At fixation, the closed-loop component drives the binocular disparity to zero in a foveal region. The obtained vergence servos are able to actively drive both the horizontal and the vertical alignment of the optical axes on the object of interest, thus ensuring a correct vergence posture. Experimental tests were purposely designed to measure the performance of the control in the peripersonal space, and were performed on three different robot platforms. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach yields real-time and effective vergence camera movements on a visual stimulus in a wide working range, regardless of the illumination in the environment and the geometry of the system.

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Vergence eye movements in response to binocular disparity without depth perception

Cited by 196 publications

References 16 publications

Temporal Properties of Disparity Processing Revealed by Dynamic Random-Dot Stereograms

Temporal Properties of Disparity Processing Revealed by Dynamic Random-Dot Stereograms

Rejection of False Matches for Binocular Correspondence in Macaque Visual Cortical Area V4

A Portable Bio-Inspired Architecture for Efficient Robotic Vergence Control

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