Vergleichend-Anatomische Betrachtungen Über Encephalitis

Joest, E.

doi:10.1007/bf01724603

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…rabies, canine distemper and measles viruses), with one exotic and outstanding feature reminiscent of influenza viruses, replication in the nucleus. This was observed by early pathologists describing the important role of the intranuclear Joest-Degen bodies (83), and was over the years demonstrated by different groups which detected the typical intranuclear antigen (40,106).…”

Section: Physico-chemical Properties and Genome Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Borna disease virus: new aspects on infection, disease, diagnosis and epidemiology

Ludwig

Bode²

2000

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

137

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A 'disease of the head' affecting horses, as described in the 17th Century is now known as Borna disease. Research over the past 100 years has established that the aetiological agent, Borna disease virus (BDV), is an unsegmented, single-and negative-stranded, enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus which represents the family Bornaviridae in the order Mononegavirales.The virus exists world-wide in horses, sheep, cattle, cats, dogs and ostriches. The infection can be fatal, but the majority of carriers are persistently infected without showing symptoms. The association with psychiatric diseases in humans led to an international explosion of research on BDV, with centres established in Germany, the United States of America and Japan. Experimental infections of tree shrews and rats served to examine the effects of persistent and overt disease, most excitingly, virus-induced behavioural changes, and emotional and learning deficits. This 'emerging' virus infection shows complex pathogenetic mechanisms in the nervous system, but also spreads through myelo-monocytic cells. Diagnosis can be made serologically, but detection of antigen markers in peripheral white blood cells, combined with nucleic acid amplification is more profitable. Comparative RNA studies reveal an unusually high genetic homology of viruses. Isolates recovered from humans and equines suggest species-specificity. Vaccination is not an advisable strategy, but antiviral therapy, especially with amantadine sulphate, promises efficacy in human mood disorders, and is effective in vitro. Infections with BDV follow a vulnerability principle to cause disease. Although cross-species transmission of this commensal virus has not been proven, zoonotic aspects of BDV should be carefully considered.

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Section: Physico-chemical Properties and Genome Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Borna disease virus: new aspects on infection, disease, diagnosis and epidemiology

Ludwig

Bode²

2000

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

137

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“…La enfermedad había sido siempre -y lo sigue siendoendémica en dicho antiguo reino, donde está Borna, pero también en Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse, Suiza y regiones alpinas de Austria, de manera que ambos sabios debieron viajar mucho, alternando sus investigaciones en el terreno y en el laboratorio, logrando adaptar al entonces invisible virus a los conejos y cultivarlo en ratas y en ratones, permitiendo una vacunación con un extracto de sus enfermos cerebros [2][3][4][5] .…”

Section: En Las Patas De Los Caballosunclassified

La enfermedad de los caballos locos

Ledermann

2018

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Crazy horse disease With the apparition of the crazy cows disease at the end of twentieth century, great was the temptation for denominate "crazy horses disease" an ancient enzootic encephalo-myelitis, known from the 17 th century and now named "Borna disease" in 1970, because severe outbreaks affecting horses in this city of Germany since 1885. But the sickness was not a prion disease but a viral one, causing also encephalopathy in several other animal species. After seventy years of investigation, the finding of the virus in human patients with psychiatric pathology in the eighties gave an incentive to work harder, and the genome structure of the so called Bornavirus was completely described. Recently, japanese investigators found that elements homologous to the nucleoprotein (N) gene of Bornavirus exist in the genomes of several mammalian species, including humans, in which these sequences have been designated endogenous Borna-like N (EBLN) elements. And now the question is what they are doing there since their integration two million years ago.

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“…BDV has been classified as the prototype of a new family. Bornaviridae, within the order Mononegavirales, due to its outstanding molecular bio logical features, such as replication in the nucleus [12,17,41] (already envisaged by Joest [33] in 1926 who specu lated on inclusion bodies in classical fowl plaque) and a complicated RNA splicing mechanism [19,61]. As judged by currently available data [11,13,18,20,35,58,61,62], BDV has a surprisingly high degree of sequence conserva- isolated virions become available.…”

Section: Virus Structures and Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was based on the inflammato ry reaction and other typical histological findings in old brain areas (see above) observed in certain encephalitides of both animals and humans [33,53,64], Although valid data for the presence of BDV in the human brain arc still lacking, except one unusual, very controversial report [21], there is no doubt that humans are infected and that the infection occurs at least in Europe, the US, Central Africa [2] and Japan [for review, see 23,35], First data published by Bodc's group in Berlin show that viral RNA and antigen arc not only present in the blood but also sup port an association of BDV activation with defined psy chiatric diseases [2][3][4][5]8. 10] (see below).…”

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropathogenesis of Borna Disease Virus Infections

Ludwig

Bode²

1997

Intervirology

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The unique genetic and biological properties of this small enveloped RNA virus indicate that Borna disease virus (BDV) is an evolutionary old pathogen. It appears perfectly adapted to persist inside the limbic system, a most delicate and sensitive old area of the mammalian brain involved in the control of mood, behavior, and memory. In many infected individuals, BDV remains a commensal during their lifetime. In a minority of vulnerable subjects, BDV becomes frequently activated, leading to episodes of distinct, more or less severe disturbances of information processing, behavioral and mood alterations. BDV research in humans is anticipated to initiate new insights into the interplay of exogenous and endogenous factors governing mood disorders. In nature BDV preferentially behaves as a neurotropic virus, but may latently and/or persistently infect cells of the reticuloendothelial system. This has been shown to be of great diagnostic importance, because now BDV ‘footprints’ can be followed in vivo in animals and man. BDV, which has long been considered as a classical animal virus, is present in humans, and has been found to be associated with some defined psychiatric disorders in particularly vulnerable individuals. An interaction of BDV proteins with neurotransmitter activities is plausible in the light of experimental animal data. Interference with normal behavior and the influence on mood and cognitive functions as demonstrated in animals and assumed in humans require extensive future research on the molecular etiopathogenesis. Aside from these clinical aspects, BDV is an unusual agent with outstanding features, namely replication in the nucleus of its target cells by an elusive, partially unknown mechanism, showing no cytopathogenicity or disturbance of vital cell functions, but altering luxury functions, and with a lifelong persistence giving rise to periods of long latency and short activation.

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Vergleichend-Anatomische Betrachtungen Über Encephalitis

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Borna disease virus: new aspects on infection, disease, diagnosis and epidemiology

Borna disease virus: new aspects on infection, disease, diagnosis and epidemiology

La enfermedad de los caballos locos

The Neuropathogenesis of Borna Disease Virus Infections

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