Vergleichende qualitative und quantitative untersuchungen an der hörbahn von vögeln

Winter, P.

doi:10.1007/bf00408568

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Hyperplasia of auditory nuclei was examined in 24 species of birds comprising 7 orders (for a complete list of orders and species see legend fig. 4) from data obtained from Winter [1963]. Only those species for which brain weight data was available in Portmann [1947] were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell numbers for the auditory nuclei were obtained from Winter [1963]. Although data obtained from private collections were also examined, they were excluded from the quantification, whenever possible, in order to maintain the homogeneity of the data population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were several reasons to suspect that these auditory nuclei might be larger than expected. First, in the auditory system of barn owls, the number of neurons per octave (calculated as the total number of cells/octaves of hearing range) shows an increase with respect to that of chickens [Winter and Schwartzkopf, 1961;Winter, 1963;Rubel et al, 1976;Parks, 1979;Fay, 1988;Köppl et al, 1993;Solum et al, 1997]. Second, there is an auditory fovea in the barn owl cochlea, with an overrepresentation of the higher frequency region (5-10 kHz), which covers more than half of the basilar papilla [Köppl et al, 1993].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It projects bilaterally to nucleus laminaris (NL) where interaural time differences are computed [Parks and Rubel, 1975;Takahashi et al, 1984;Carr and Konishi, 1990]. Nucleus laminaris shows considerable histological variation among birds [Ariëns Kappers et al, 1936;Kubke, unpublished] as well as variability in the number of neurons devoted to computation of sound location [Winter and Schwartzkopf, 1961;Winter, 1963].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bigger Brains or Bigger Nuclei? Regulating the Size of Auditory Structures in Birds

2004

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Increases in the size of the neuronal structures that mediate specific behaviors are believed to be related to enhanced computational performance. It is not clear, however, what developmental and evolutionary mechanisms mediate these changes, nor whether an increase in the size of a given neuronal population is a general mechanism to achieve enhanced computational ability. We addressed the issue of size by analyzing the variation in the relative number of cells of auditory structures in auditory specialists and generalists. We show that bird species with different auditory specializations exhibit variation in the relative size of their hindbrain auditory nuclei. In the barn owl, an auditory specialist, the hindbrain auditory nuclei involved in the computation of sound location show hyperplasia. This hyperplasia was also found in songbirds, but not in non-auditory specialists. The hyperplasia of auditory nuclei was also not seen in birds with large body weight suggesting that the total number of cells is selected for in auditory specialists. In barn owls, differences observed in the relative size of the auditory nuclei might be attributed to modifications in neurogenesis and cell death. Thus, hyperplasia of circuits used for auditory computation accompanies auditory specialization in different orders of birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bigger Brains or Bigger Nuclei? Regulating the Size of Auditory Structures in Birds

2004

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“…In Pongo, Hylobates, and colobines, the anterior portion of the ethmoid lateral mass consists of an unpneumatized plate of bone forming a common wall between the medial wall of the orbit and the nasal cavity (19,(27)(28)(29). Cercopithecines differ in that their ethmoid is so reduced that it does not contribute to the medial orbital wall (28,30).…”

Section: Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paranasal sinus anatomy of Aegyptopithecus : Implications for hominoid origins

Rossie

Simons²,

Gauld³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The East African Early Miocene apes, or proconsulids, have often been considered to be among the earliest members of the Hominoidea, as defined by the divergence of the Cercopithecoidea, but this hypothesis is only weakly supported by available fossil evidence. The ethmofrontal sinus is one of a few morphological features that may link proconsulids with later hominoids. Here we present direct evidence of an ethmofrontal sinus in an early Oligocene stem catarrhine, Aegyptopithecus zeuxis. The presence of this sinus in Aegyptopithecus suggests that its presence in proconsulids is most likely to be a retained primitive condition. The morphological evidence bearing on proconsulids' purported hominoid affinities is further weakened by this conclusion, and alternative phylogenetic possibilities, such as the placement of proconsulids as stem catarrhines are considered more likely.

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Low-frequency pathway in the barn owl's auditory brainstem

Köppl

Carr

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The cytology of the nucleus magnocellularis and the nucleus laminaris in the barn owl, as well as the axonal pathways connecting them, were studied. The interest was focussed on those regions of both nuclei coding the low-frequency end of the tonotopic spectrum (below approximately 2 kHz) because many previous reports on a variety of bird species had indicated significant differences to higher frequencies, both in morphology and physiology. Standard light- and electron microscopy, as well as immunocytochemistry and tract-tracing techniques, were used. The nucleus magnocellularis contains a distinct stellate cell type in the low-frequency region, in addition to neurons classified as a small version of the principal cell. In the nucleus laminaris, two cell types were characterized as distinct to the low-frequency region: stellate neurons with long, smooth dendrites, and multipolar neurons with thick, spiny dendrites. The low-frequency projections from the nucleus magnocellularis showed two terminal fields in the nucleus laminaris: one containing a rough tonotopic representation and a second one where all low-frequency projections converged. In addition, the anatomical basis for delay lines, which are known to play an important role in the coding of interaural time differences at higher frequencies, was not observed. The morphological differences observed at low frequencies in both nuclei, compared to the well-studied higher-frequency regions, may reflect inherent limitations to the accuracy in the processing of interaural phase disparities at low frequencies.

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Vergleichende qualitative und quantitative untersuchungen an der hörbahn von vögeln

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Bigger Brains or Bigger Nuclei? Regulating the Size of Auditory Structures in Birds

Bigger Brains or Bigger Nuclei? Regulating the Size of Auditory Structures in Birds

Paranasal sinus anatomy of Aegyptopithecus : Implications for hominoid origins

Low-frequency pathway in the barn owl's auditory brainstem

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