“…At the same time, Iwasaki (2001a; Iwasaki & Mannell, 2000a) also examined affect, an important marker of psychological well-being (Carstensen, Charles, Isaacowitz, & Kennedy, 2003; Mroczek, 2001), as a coping outcome. In his research with Canadian undergraduate students, Iwasaki assessed four types of emotions as immediate coping outcomes: threat emotions (worried, fearful, and anxious), harm emotions (angry, sad, disappointed, guilty, and disgusted), benefit emotions (exhilarated, pleased, happy, and relieved), and challenge emotions (confident, hopeful, and eager).…”