Verification of a case of mixed infection with Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis and COVID-19

Леонова, Г Н; Shutikova, A. L.; Popov, A. F.; Shchelkanov, M. Yu.

doi:10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-2.7

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the case under study, the previously unknown pathogen of the coinfection we identified in the tick microbiome received the opportunity for its replication and the appearance of specific antibodies in the patient, although its titer was low ( Figure 1 ). Earlier, for 2 years, we noted in one patient the clinical and diagnostic features of a mixed infection caused by TBEV, Borrelia , and SARS-CoV2 [ 28 ]. Using the indicators of antigen detection in ELISA, genetic markers in qPCR, and antibodies, as well as the degree of their avidity to these pathogens, we found that in the case of detection of three infections simultaneously, the bacterial pathogen B. burgdorferi dominates in the human body, causing a long-term chronic course of the disease [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Viral Coinfection of the Ixodes persulcatus Ticks Feeding on Humans in a Natural Focus of the South of the Far East

Leonova,

Somova,

Abramova

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The phenomenon of pathogen co-infection detected in a half-fed Ixodes persulcatus tick taken from a human in the south of the Far East was studied. Research was carried out on PEK, Vero, and Vero-E6 cell lines, outbred mice, and chicken embryos using ELISA, PCR, IMFA, plaque formation, and electron microscopy. The tick contained an antigen and a genetic marker of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The patient had post-vaccination antibodies in a titer of 1:200, as a result of which, obviously, an antibody-dependent elimination of TBEV occurred. The tick-borne co-isolate also contained an unknown pathogen (Kiparis-144 virus), which, in our opinion, was a trigger for the activation of chronic infection in suckling white mice. In the laboratory co-isolate, ectromelia virus was present, as evidenced by paw edema during the intradermal infection of mice, characteristic rashes on the chorioallantoic envelope of chicken embryos, and typical plaques on Vero-E6. The Kiparis-144 virus was not pathogenic for white mice and chicken embryos, but it successfully multiplied in the PEK, Vero, and Vero-E6 lines. Viral co-infection was confirmed by electron microscopy. Passaging on mice contributed to an increase in the virulence of the co-isolate, whose titer increased by 10,000 times by the fifth passage, which poses an epidemiological danger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Viral Coinfection of the Ixodes persulcatus Ticks Feeding on Humans in a Natural Focus of the South of the Far East

Leonova,

Somova,

Abramova

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…In 2022, we described a case of triple co-infection (TBEV + B. burgdorfery + SARS-Cov2), where we showed in the dynamics of observation for up to 2 years the predominance of not only the clinical symptoms of Lyme disease, but also the dominance of serological indicators for Borrelia spp. [20]. Due to the identification of high rates of infection of ticks with Borrelia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection in the Tick Microbiome and in Humans as a Natural Process of Co-cultivation of Tick-Borne Pathogens<strong> </strong>

Leonova,

Belikov,

Popov

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The identification of a new virus Kiparis-144 (KiparisV) in a half-fed tick I persulcatus, removed from a person in the south of the Russian Far East, determined the goal of further research - to study its role in human pathology and the characteristics of its behavior in the tick microbiome. An ELISA study of 439 blood samples from people affected by tick bites indicated a fairly frequent (up to 16.4±1.7%) encounter of people with the KiparisV virus in the territory of natural foci of the Primorsky Territory. It has been shown that this virus, when mono-infected, can cause clinical symptoms characteristic of acute respiratory diseases. During co-infection under the influence of the KiparisV, there was an increase in the activity of Borrelia spp. with the constant production of antibodies to them only of the IgM class and clinical symptoms of Lyme disease for one year (observation period). Electron microscopy of the KiparisV found in a tick removed from a patient showed a picture of the relationship of the KiparisV (up to 100 nm in size) with unknown representatives of the tick microbiome - pathogens of a viral or bacterial nature. In a comparative aspect, a similar electron microscopic picture of the interaction of the KiparisV virus with a known pathogen of viral nature, the ectromelia virus (ECTV), is presented. The importance of the electron microscopy method in describing the tick microbiome is shown. Thus, it has been established that when co-cultivated in the system the helper-virus KiparisV probably tends to use another pathogen of the tick microbiome for its reproduction, influencing its pathogenicity.

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“…Сочетание ЭФ ИКБ с ЛФ КЭ чаще имело среднюю степень тяжести течения заболевания и клинически протекало с симптомами лихорадки и интоксикации, а при моноинфекции ЭФ ИКБ преобладали лёгкие случаи, что совпадало с полученными нами данными [1,3,6]. По-видимому, более тяжёлое течение смешанной инфекции по сравнению с моноинфекцией ИКБ чаще всего обусловлено преобладанием в клинической картине проявлений КЭ, хотя около 38 % обследованных нами больных с микстинфекцией имели лёгкое течение, которое клинически трудно отличить от моноинфекции ИКБ [8]. В периферической крови в начале заболевания у большинства больных КЭ и/или смешанной инфекцией ИКБ с КЭ выявляли снижение количества тромбоцитов, а также умеренное повышение СОЭ и числа нейтрофилов по сравнению с условно здоровым контролем [1,23].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…В случае острого течения моноинфекции и микст-инфекции эритемной формы (ЭФ) ИКБ кольцевидная мигрирующая эритема является патогномоничным признаком заболевания, который, как правило, не требует серологической верификации. Вместе с тем поскольку, по данным литературы, к концу второй недели болезни иммуноглобулины (Ig) класса M к вирусу КЭ выявлялись у 63 %, а IgG к вирусу КЭ -только у 56 % пациентов микст-инфекцией ИКБ с КЭ, в начале развития сочетанного заболевания возможна гиподиагностика КЭ, приводящая к отсутствию своевременной противовирусной терапии [7,8].…”

Section: Clinical and Laboratory Prognostic Factors In Patients With ...unclassified

Clinical and laboratory prognostic factors in patients with mixed infection of erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis

Ilyinskikh,

Filatova,

Semenova

et al. 2024

Acta biomedica scientifica

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Background. Early diagnosis of the mixed infection of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis can be difficult without laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis.The aim. To assess clinical and laboratory predictors in patients for building the models of early differential diagnosis between mixed infection of erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis and febrile form of tick-borne encephalitis and monoinfection of erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis.Materials and methods. The clinical study included 26 patients with mixed infection of the erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis with tick-borne encephalitis (mean age – 46.7 years) and 30 patients with monoinfection of the erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis (mean age – 48.5 years). 59 clinical, epidemiological and laboratory parameters, including 6 leukocyte blood indices, standard and extended hemogram profiles were studied in these patients the first week of the disease. For statistical analysis, we used Pearson and Mann – Whitney goodness-of-fit tests, ROC analysis with calculation of the area under curve (AUC) and logistic regression. Results. Patients with mixed infection, compared to the patients with monoinfection, had increased odds of having febrile fever, weakness, headache and orbital pain; meningism symptoms occurred only in patients with mixed infection. Early predictors of a preliminary diagnosis of mixed infection were elevated values of fever (AUC = 0.87), intoxication syndrome score (AUC = 0.71), leukocyte count (AUC = 0.64) and neutrophils (AUC = 0.71) in the hemogram, levels of leukocyte intoxication index according to V.K. Ostrovsky (AUC = 0.67) and neutrophil-leukocyte index (AUC = 0.65), as well as a decrease in the number of platelets (AUC = 0.77), eosinophils (AUC = 0.72) and basophils (AUC = 0.79) in peripheral blood. Two prognostic models which included clinical and laboratory parameters demonstrated excellent prediction of mixed infection (AUC = 0.90 and AUC = 0.91).Conclusion. Early clinical and laboratory predictors have been established and models have been developed that make it possible, with excellent prognosis quality, to calculate in patients the probability of a preliminary diagnosis of mixed infection of the erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis with tick-borne encephalitis in comparison with borreliosis monoinfection.

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Verification of a case of mixed infection with Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis and COVID-19

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Study of Viral Coinfection of the Ixodes persulcatus Ticks Feeding on Humans in a Natural Focus of the South of the Far East

Study of Viral Coinfection of the Ixodes persulcatus Ticks Feeding on Humans in a Natural Focus of the South of the Far East

Co-infection in the Tick Microbiome and in Humans as a Natural Process of Co-cultivation of Tick-Borne Pathogens<strong> </strong>

Clinical and laboratory prognostic factors in patients with mixed infection of erythema form of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis

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