Verification of a fully implicit particle-in-cell method for the     v ∥-formalism of electromagnetic gyrokinetics in the XGC code

Sturdevant, Benjamin; Ku, S.; Chacòn, Luis; Chen, Y.; Hatch, D. R.; Cole, M.; Sharma, A. Y.; Adams, Mark F.; Chang, C. S.; Parker, Scott; Hager, Robert

doi:10.1063/5.0047842

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…1 For improving the simulation quality, especially for electromagnetic simulations, various schemes have been implemented such as the p formulae and the iterative scheme for solving Ampére's law, 2,3 the noisy matrix 4 and the implicit scheme. 5,6 The noise reduction scheme has been summarized comprehensively recently, 3 where various numerical applications have been studied using models with single ion species for linear physics in GYGLES, which demonstrates the excellent performance of the control variate method in noise reduction and the enhancement of simulation quality. The pullback scheme using mixed variables is implemented in ORB5 using the δf scheme for the studies of EP driven TAEs, 7 demonstrating its capability in the MHD limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of an implicit full f method for electromagnetic particle simulations of Alfvén waves and energetic particle physics

Meng

Hoelzl

et al. 2021

Journal of Computational Physics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of an implicit full f method for electromagnetic particle simulations of Alfvén waves and energetic particle physics

Meng

Hoelzl

et al. 2021

Journal of Computational Physics

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“…Data included in the tables and figures of this paper will be made openly available in the PPPL Theory Department ARK, Ref. [73]. Additional data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of a Fully Implicit Particle-in-Cell Method for the $v_\parallel$ Formalism of Electromagnetic Gyrokinetics in the XGC Code

Sturdevant,

Ku,

Chacón

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A fully implicit particle-in-cell method for handling the v -formalism of electromagnetic gyrokinetics has been implemented in XGC. By choosing the v formalism, we avoid introducing the non-physical skin terms in Ampère's law, which are responsible for the well-known "cancellation problem" in the p -formalism. The v -formalism, however, is known to suffer from a numerical instability when explicit time integration schemes are used due to the appearance of a time derivative in the particle equations of motion from the inductive component of the electric field. Here, using the conventional δf scheme, we demonstrate that our implicitly discretized algorithm can provide numerically stable simulation results with accurate dispersive properties. We verify the algorithm using a test case for shear Alfvén wave propagation in addition to a case demonstrating the ITG-KBM transition. The ITG-KBM transition case is compared to results obtained from other δf gyrokinetic codes/schemes, whose verification has already been archived in the literature.

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“…The gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulation provides a powerful tool for the studies of tokamak plasmas [1]. In order to improve the simulation quality, especially for electromagnetic simulations, various schemes have been implemented, such as the p ∥ formula and the iterative scheme for solving Ampére's law [2,3], the noisy matrix [4] and the implicit scheme [5,6]. Recently, the noise reduction scheme has been summarized comprehensively [3], where various numerical applications have been studied using models with single ion species for linear physics in the fully global linear gyrokinetic simulation code GYGLES, which demonstrates the excellent performance of the control variate method in noise reduction and the enhancement of simulation quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full f and δf gyrokinetic particle simulations of Alfvén waves and energetic particle physics

Meng

Hatzky

et al. 2023

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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In this work, we focus on the development of the particle-in-cell scheme and the application to the studies of Alfv'en waves and energetic particle physics in tokamak plasmas. The $\delta f$ and full $f$ schemes are formulated on the same footing adopting mixed variables and the pullback scheme for electromagnetic problems. The TRIMEG-GKX code [Lu et al. J. Comput. Phys. 440 (2021) 110384] has been upgraded using cubic spline finite elements and full $f$ and $\delta f$ schemes. The EP-driven TAE has been simulated for the ITPA-TAE case featured by a small electron skin depth $\sim 1.18\times10^{-3}\;{\rm m}$, which is a challenging parameter regime of electromagnetic simulations, especially for the full $f$ model. The simulation results using the $\delta f$ scheme are in good agreement with previous work. Excellent performance of the mixed variable/pullback scheme has been observed for both full $f$ and $\delta f$ schemes. Simulations with mixed full $f$ EPs and $\delta f$ electrons and thermal ions demonstrate the good features of this novel scheme in mitigating the noise level. The full $f$ scheme is a natural choice for EP physics studies which allows a large variation of EP profiles and distributions in velocity space, providing a powerful tool for kinetic studies using realistic experimental distributions related to intermittent and transient plasma activities.

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Verification of a fully implicit particle-in-cell method for the v ∥-formalism of electromagnetic gyrokinetics in the XGC code

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

The development of an implicit full f method for electromagnetic particle simulations of Alfvén waves and energetic particle physics

The development of an implicit full f method for electromagnetic particle simulations of Alfvén waves and energetic particle physics

Verification of a Fully Implicit Particle-in-Cell Method for the $v_\parallel$ Formalism of Electromagnetic Gyrokinetics in the XGC Code

Full f and δf gyrokinetic particle simulations of Alfvén waves and energetic particle physics

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