Verification of a simple micrometeorological method for estimating the rate of gaseous mass transfer from the ground to the atmosphere

Wilson, John D.; Catchpoole, VR; Denmead, O. T.; Thurtell, G. W.

doi:10.1016/0002-1571(83)90065-1

Cited by 105 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In order to be independent of wind direction, it is usually used with slurry spread onto circular plots (Denmead, 1983;Wilson et al, 1983;Denmead and Raupach, 1993). With a mast in the centre of the circle with radius X R , the horizontal (advection) flux F of the upwind emitted NH 3 is determined from the measured vertical (z) profiles of concentration (c) and horizontal wind speed (u):…”

Section: Integrated Horizontal Flux Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories?

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The EMEP/EEA guidebook 2009 for agricultural emission inventories reports an average ammonia (NH3) emission factor (EF) by volatilisation of 55% of the applied total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) content for cattle slurry, and 35% losses for pig slurry, irrespective of the type of surface or slurry characteristics such as dry matter content and pH. In this review article, we compiled over 350 measurements of EFs published between 1991 and 2011. The standard slurry application technique during the early years of this period, when a large number of measurements were made, was spreading by splash plate, and as a result reference EFs given in many European inventories are predominantly based on this technique. However, slurry application practices have evolved since then, while there has also been a shift in measurement techniques and investigated plot sizes. We therefore classified the available measurements according to the flux measurement technique or measurement plot size and year of measurement. Medium size plots (usually circles between 20 to 50 m radius) generally yielded the highest EFs. The most commonly used measurement setups at this scale were based on the Integrated Horizontal Flux method (IHF or the ZINST method (a simplified IHF method)). Several empirical models were published in the years 1993 to 2003 predicting NH3 EFs as a function of meteorology and slurry characteristics (Menzi et al., 1998; Søgaard et al., 2002). More recent measurements show substantially lower EFs which calls for new measurement series in order to validate the various measurement approaches against each other and to derive revised inputs for inclusion into emission inventories.

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Section: Integrated Horizontal Flux Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lockyer, 1984) and the integrated horizontal flux (IHF) measurement technique (Wilson et al, 1983;Denmead, 1995). Wind tunnel measurements are generally performed on a small-scale plots (<10 m 2 ), while the IHF is applied on medium-scale circular plots between 20 m and 50 m radius.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories?

et al. 2012

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“…The integrated horizontal flux method (Beauchamp et al, 1978;Wilson et al, 1983;Wilson & Shun, 1992) is a relatively simple micrometeorological method that can be used to estimate the rate of gas transfer from the ground to the atmosphere. The method requires a small circular plot (radius f50 m) in which the average horizontal wind speed ( -u s ) and concentration ( -c) profile are determined in the center of the plot in such a way that the average emission rate or upward vertical flux (F) can be determined as [28] Although this method cannot be used to determine fluxes from the atmosphere to the surface.…”

Section: Integrated Horizontal Mass Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Micrometeorological Flux Methodologies with Applications in Agriculture

Meyers

Baldocchi

2015

Agronomy Monographs

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“…A simplification of the trajectory simulation model is the theoretical profile shape (TPS) technique (Wilson et al 1983). …”

Section: Theoretical Profile Shape Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring greenhouse gas emissions from point sources in agriculture

McGinn¹

2006

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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McGinn, S. M. 2006. Measuring greenhouse gas emissions from point sources in agriculture. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 355-371. Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural sources have a significant role in the overall enhancement of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) effect. In research, measurements of GHG emissions are made to improve upon emission factors used in national inventories, identify and promote mitigation practices, and drive policy on GHG emissions in agriculture. These measurements are fundamental to the process of better management of GHG emissions. There is a variety of measurement techniques used in GHG research depending on the measurement environment and available resources. Techniques that use chambers or micrometeorological measurements are commonly employed for calculating emissions of GHG from point sources in agriculture, such as livestock and manure-holding facilities. This review examines these techniques, their limitations, and discusses methods to quantify their accuracy and precision. Emerging techniques like the use of dispersion models provide opportunities to directly determine emissions from whole farms. A few micrometeorological techniques (integrated horizontal flux and mass difference) are ideal for point sources such as manure storage facilities. For smaller sources, chambers are still recommended. In designing GHG emission studies, employing more than one technique when measuring GHG emissions is recommended, as often differences can exist due to technique. Ideally, a controlled release of the target gas, and its recovery, should also be conducted to evaluate techniques prior to their application. Although many techniques are often sensitive enough to quantify mitigation practices, i.e., the relative change in emissions, it is more difficult to determine "true" emission factors as required for inventory work. It follows that the precision and accuracy of the techniques must accompany their application when estimating GHG emissions. De telles mesures sont essentielles à une meilleure gestion des rejets de GES. La recherche sur les GES fait appel à diverses méthodes de mesure, selon l'environnement et les ressources disponibles. Pour calculer les émissions des sources ponctuelles agricoles comme les éle-vages ou les installations de stockage du fumier, on recourt couramment à des méthodes fondées sur la cellule ou la micrométéorologie. L'article que voici fait le tour de ces techniques, en explique les limites et examine comment en établir l'exactitude et la précision. De nouvelles techniques tel l'usage de modèles de dispersion permettent de jauger directement les émis-sions d'exploitations entières. Quelques méthodes micrométéorologiques (flux horizontal intégré et variation de masse) conviennent à merveille aux sources ponctuelles comme les installations de stockage du fumier. Pour les sources plus petites, on recommande toujours l'emploi de cellules. Lorsqu'on entreprend une étude sur les émissions de GES, il est préférable de recourir à plusieurs techni...

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Verification of a simple micrometeorological method for estimating the rate of gaseous mass transfer from the ground to the atmosphere

Cited by 105 publications

References 3 publications

Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories?

Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories?

Current Micrometeorological Flux Methodologies with Applications in Agriculture

Measuring greenhouse gas emissions from point sources in agriculture

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